5.317A Those parts of the band 698-960 MHz in Region 2 and the band 790-960 MHz in Regions 1 and 3 which are allocated to the mobile service on a primary basis are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). See Resolutions 224 (Rev.WRC-07) and 749 (WRC-07). This identification does not preclude the use of these bands by any application of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-07)

5.318 Additional allocation: in Canada, the United States and Mexico, the bands 849-851 MHz and 894-896 MHz are also allocated to the aeronautical mobile service on a primary basis, for public correspondence with aircraft. The use of the band 849-851 MHz is limited to transmissions from aeronautical stations and the use of the band 894-896 MHz is limited to transmissions from aircraft stations.

5.322 In Region 1, in the band 862-960 MHz, stations of the broadcasting service shall be operated only in the African Broadcasting Area (see Nos. 5.10 to 5.13) excluding Algeria, Egypt, Spain, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Zambia, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.

5.323 Additional allocation:in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, the Russian Federation, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the band 862-960 MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis. Such use is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with administrations concerned and limited to ground-based radiobeacons in operation on 27 October 1997 until the end of their lifetime. (WRC-07)

5.325 Different category of service: in the United States, the allocation of the band 890-942 MHz to the radiolocation service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.

5.327 Different category of service: in Australia, the allocation of the band 915-928 MHz to the radiolocation service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33).

US116 In the bands 890-902 MHz and 935-941 MHz, no new assignments are to be made to Federal radio stations after July 10, 1970, except on case-by-case basis to experimental stations. Federal assignments existing prior to July 10, 1970, shall be on a secondary basis to stations in the non-Federal land mobile service and shall be subject to adjustment or removal from the bands 890-902 MHz, 928-932 MHz, and 935-941 MHz at the request of the FCC.

US268 The bands 890-902 MHz and 928-942 MHz are also allocated to the radiolocation service for Federal ship stations (off-shore ocean areas) on the condition that harmful interference is not caused to non-Federal land mobile stations. The provisions of footnote US116 apply.

G2 In the bands 216.965-216.995 MHz, 420-450 MHz (except as provided for in G129), 890-902 MHz, 928-942 MHz, 1300-1390 MHz, 2310-2390 MHz, 2417-2450 MHz, 2700-2900 MHz, 3300-3500 MHz (except as provided for in US108), 5650-5925 MHz, and 9000-9200 MHz, use of the Federal radiolocation service is restricted to the military services.

SpectrumWiki

Cellular Radiotelephone Service

The 869-894 MHz band (base transmit/mobile receive), paired with the 824-849 MHz band (mobile transmit/base receive) is the original band in which first-generation cellular phone service was first widely deployed in the U.S. It is still used for 2G and 3G cellular services.

The paired band is subdivided into two smaller bands of 2x12.5 MHz each, referred to as the A block and the B block. When cell phone service was first authorized, the A block was assigned to the local exchange carrier, and the B block was assigned to a competitive local exchange carrier.

The cellular service in the United States is governed by Part 22 of the FCC's rules.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
824 - 835 MHz	Cellular A block, mobile transmit/base receive	Land Mobile	N
869 - 880 MHz	Cellular A block, base transmit/mobile receive	Land Mobile	N
835 - 845 MHz	Cellular B block, mobile transmit/base receive	Land Mobile	N
880 - 890 MHz	Cellular B block, base transmit/mobile receive	Land Mobile	N
845 - 846.5 MHz	Cellular A' block, mobile transmit/base receive	Land Mobile	N
890 - 891.5 MHz	Cellular A' block, base transmit/mobile receive	Land Mobile	N
846.5 - 849 MHz	Cellular B' block, mobile transmit/base receive	Land Mobile	N
891.5 - 894 MHz	Cellular B' block, base transmit/mobile receive	Land Mobile	N

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Commercial Air-to-Ground Telephone Service

The bands 849 - 851 and 894 - 896 MHz are allocated to the aeronautical mobile service and are used to provide air-to-ground telephone service for commercial airlines. Most people will recognize the Verizon Airfone service, which is installed in the seatbacks of many commercial airlines and which uses this band for its service. The lower band (849 - 851 MHz) is used by the base stations located on the ground to transmit to the planes; transmissions from the planes back to the ground use the upper band, 894 - 896 MHz.

In its original incarnation, the commercial air-to-ground telephone service was to support up to six licensees in this band, where all of the licensees would share the band for traffic channels, and each licensee would have dedicated control channels to manage its own traffic. In the end, Verizon Airfone (originally operated under GTE) was the only operator to remain commercially viable, and even they are estimated to handle, on average, only about three calls per flight. Due to channel bandwidth limitations, the only services that could be offered were voice phone calls and very slow dial-up-quality data connections.

By 2005, the FCC realized that the spectrum was not being used efficiently and instigated a rule making proceeding leading to the auction of new licenses for this band. The exact band plan for this spectrum was left as one of the bidding parameters, and the final result was a plan that provided a 3 MHz license (the bottom 1.5 MHz of each of the two bands), and a 1 MHz license (the top 0.5 MHz of each band). Auction 65, completed in June 2006, generated $38,339,000 for the U.S. treasury, with ACBidCo winning the 3 MHz license and LiveTV winning the 1 MHz license.

Although Verizon Airfone participated in the auction, they did not win, and the FCC banished their operations to the spectrum occupied by the 1 MHz license, and allowed them to continue service until 2010 on a shared basis with the new licensee. On May 13th, 2010, Verizon's Airfone license, KNKG804, expired for good. In June 2008, LiveTV, the winning bidder for Airfone's spectrum, announced that it was purchasing the Verizon Airfone network.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
849 - 851 MHz	Ground-to-air	Aeronautical Mobile	-
894 - 896 MHz	Air-to-ground	Aeronautical Mobile	-

External Links:

FCC 800 MHz Air-to-Ground Radiotelephone Service Auction

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Unlicensed bands

Although these bands are allocated for ISM use, e.g. microwave ovens and industrial equipment, a major use has been unlicensed (Part 15) systems such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. In the period 1995-2005, most of the cordless phones marketed in the US were in the 902-928 MHz band, but conflicts with the other uses and availability of DECT equipment has greatly decreased sales of 902-928 MHz cordless phones.

The rules for these bands sprung from FCC Docket 81-413 which sought to end an implicit prohibition of spread spectrum/CDMA technology that resulted from a focus on FDMA spectrum uses. This resulted in rules adopted in 1985 that allow unlicensed spread spectrum systems to use these bands for almost any possible application subject to a 1W power limit and a power spectral density limit. Initial applications, however, were limited to frequency hopping and "direct sequence" modulations, the latter being subject to ill-defined spreading and processing gain requirements.

An FCC rulemaking in 2002, in ET Docket No. 99-231, dropped the spreading and processing gain requirements, and permitted any digital modulation that meets the power and power spectral density limits. The immediate effect was to authorize Wi-Fi products under standard IEEE 802.11g. Subsequent Wi-Fi standards, including n and ac, were eligible for certification with no further rule changes.

Bluetooth is authorized under the original 1985 frequency hopping provisions.

The 2400 and 5800 MHz bands are used for Wi-Fi.

A good history is "The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road To Global Success" by Wolter Lemstra, Vic Hayes, John Groenewegen; Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
902 - 928 MHz	900 MHz unlicensed band	-	-
2400 - 2483.5 MHz	Unlicensed band (commonly used by Wi-Fi)	-	-
5725 - 5850 MHz	Unlicensed band (commonly used by Wi-Fi)	-	-

External Links:

FCC order authorizing any digital modulation

Early history

1985 FCC approval of first rules

FCC order authorizing any digital modulation

The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road To Global Success

1981 FCC discussion of original proposals

FCC order authorizing any digital modulation

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Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Devices (ISM, FCC Part 18)

Part 18 (section 18.301) of the FCC rules designate certain bands for high-power Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) devices. These devices generate significant radio energy, but not for telecommunications purposes. Examples includes microwave ovens, industrial heaters, medical diathermy, jewelry cleaners, and RFID tags.

ISM devices may be operated in most frequency bands subject to strict power limits, but are allowed unlimited power in these eleven specially-designated ISM bands.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
6765 - 6795 kHz	ISM	-	-
13553 - 13567 kHz	ISM	-	-
26957 - 27120 kHz	ISM	-	-
40.66 - 40.7 MHz	ISM	-	-
902 - 928 MHz	ISM	-	-
2400 - 2500 MHz	ISM (particularly microwave ovens)	-	-
5725 - 5875 MHz	ISM	-	-
24 - 24.25 GHz	ISM	-	-
61 - 61.5 GHz	ISM	-	-
122 - 123 GHz	ISM	-	-
244 - 246 GHz	ISM	-	-

External Links:

47 CFR 18.301

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Radiofrequency Identification (RFID)

An RFID system consists of an interrogator and a transponder, and is used for identification and data capture. RFID systems are used for a very wide range of applications, including:

Highway tolls
Vehicle tracking
Container tracking
Inventory control & theft prevention (often used to prevent shoplifting)
Healthcare (patient & drug tracking)
Passports
ID cards
Building entry
Livestock & pet tracking

and numerous other applications.

RFID tags can be extremely small devices with little or no internal power, which respond to an interrogation by utilizing some of the RF energy imparted by the interrogator; or they can be larger powered units that can be interrogated over larger distances.

The ITU is in the process of attempting to harmonize RFID bands, since RFID systems are used for global commerce. ITU Study Group 1 (Working Party 1B) is drafting a new ITU-R Recommendation on RFID.

ISO/IEC18000 is the principal standard for the RFID air interface.

RFID systems typically operate in ISM and unlicensed bands.

The bands listed below represent the totality of the various bands presently used around the world. The exact bands used in specific countries may vary (and is what the ITU is attempting to harmonize).

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
9 - 135 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
13553 - 13567 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
433.05 - 434.79 MHz	RFID (often used for tracking shipping containers)	-	-
860 - 960 MHz	RFID (ITU Regions 1 & 3)	-	-
902 - 928 MHz	RFID (ITU Region 2)	-	-
2400 - 2500 MHz	RFID	-	-
5725 - 5875 MHz	RFID	-	-

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Multiple Address System (MAS)

According to the FCC, MAS is defined as "a point-to-multipoint or point-to-point radio communications system used for either one-way or two-way transmissions that operates in the 928/952/956 MHz, the 928/959 MHz or the 932/941 MHz bands" in accordance with section 101.147 of the FCC's rules. Specific rules for MAS are in Subpart O of Part 101.

Limited mobile operations are permitted under MAS, per 101.1307.

According to frequency coordinator Micronet, MAS are "point-to multipoint microwave systems that provide corporations and other institutions with the ability to support their dedicated operations."

Details of the MAS service were established in a 1999 FCC Report and Order (FCC 99-415), which took the following actions:

- Designate the 928/952/956 MHz bands exclusively for private internal services, licensed on a site-by-site basis.

- License the 928/959 MHz bands on a geographic area basis.

- License twenty of the forty paired channels in the 932/941 MHz bands on a geographic area basis.

- Reserve twenty of the forty channel pairs in the 932/941 MHz bands for public safety/Federal Government and private internal services, licensed on a first-come, first-served, site-by-site basis. Designate five of the twenty channels in the 932/941 MHz bands' set-aside exclusively for public safety/Federal Government services.

- Grandfather existing operations on the MAS bands and restrict expansion in the 928/959 MHz bands.

- Establish service areas based on the Federal Communications Commission's definition of Economic Areas (EAs) and on the U.S. Department of Commerce's definition of EAs.

- Establish construction/coverage requirements for EA licensees -- specifically, coverage to at least one-fifth of the population in their service areas or substantial service within five years of the license grant -- and a showing of substantial service within ten years of being licensed.

- Introduce flexibility to the MAS technical rules.

- Allow licensees to provide mobile and fixed operations on a co-primary basis for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint operations.

- Adopt a flexible approach for defining the regulatory status of MAS licensees by allowing the licensee to indicate its regulatory status.

- Lift the suspension on the acceptance of applications for the 928/952/956 MHz bands and the twenty channels in the 932/941 MHz bands designated for public safety/Federal Government and/or private internal services upon the release of this Report and Order.

- Adopt Part 1 competitive bidding rules for MAS spectrum.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
928 - 929 MHz	Multiple Address System	Fixed	N
932 - 932.5 MHz	Multiple Address System	Fixed	N
941 - 941.5 MHz	Multiple Address System	Fixed	N
952 - 960 MHz	Multiple Address System	Fixed	N

External Links:

FCC Multiple Address System Report and Order (FCC 99-415)

FCC Multiple Address System Band Plan

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Standard LTE Bands

The following bands have been defined by 3GPP as standard LTE bands for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD, where mobile and base stations transmit in separate bands) and Time Division Duplex (TDD, where mobiles and bases transmit and receive on the same frequency). These bands are defined in 3GPP TS 36.101 (link below).

Note that bands 15 & 16 and 30-32 are not defined, and the FDD band 29 is used for downlink-only for carrier aggregation, so it has no corresponding uplink band.

Uplinks refer to the frequencies used for handsets and other user devices to transmit to the base station, and downlinks refer to frequencies used by base stations to transmit to the user devices.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
452.5 - 457.5 MHz	LTE band 31 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
462.5 - 467.5 MHz	LTE band 31 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
699 - 716 MHz	LTE band 12 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
729 - 746 MHz	LTE band 12 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
703 - 748 MHz	LTE band 28 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
758 - 803 MHz	LTE band 28 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
704 - 716 MHz	LTE band 17 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
734 - 746 MHz	LTE band 17 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
746 - 756 MHz	LTE band 13 FDD downink	Mobile	-
777 - 787 MHz	LTE band 13 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
758 - 768 MHz	LTE band 14 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
788 - 798 MHz	LTE band 14 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
807 - 824 MHz	LTE band 27 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
852 - 869 MHz	LTE band 27 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
814 - 849 MHz	LTE band 26 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
859 - 894 MHz	LTE band 26 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
815 - 830 MHz	LTE band 18 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
860 - 875 MHz	LTE band 18 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
824 - 849 MHz	LTE band 5 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
869 - 894 MHz	LTE band 5 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
830 - 840 MHz	LTE band 6 FDD uplink ("band 6 is not applicable" according to the standard)	Mobile	-
875 - 885 MHz	LTE band 6 FDD downlink ("band 6 is not applicable" according to the standard)	Mobile	-
830 - 845 MHz	LTE band 19 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
875 - 890 MHz	LTE band 19 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
791 - 821 MHz	LTE band 20 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
832 - 862 MHz	LTE band 20 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
880 - 915 MHz	LTE band 8 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
925 - 960 MHz	LTE band 8 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1427.9 - 1447.9 MHz	LTE band 11 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1475.9 - 1495.9 MHz	LTE band 11 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1447.9 - 1462.9 MHz	LTE band 21 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1495.9 - 1510.9 MHz	LTE band 21 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1525 - 1559 MHz	LTE band 24 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1626.5 - 1660.5 MHz	LTE band 24 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1710 - 1755 MHz	LTE band 4 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2110 - 2155 MHz	LTE band 4 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1710 - 1785 MHz	LTE band 3 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1805 - 1880 MHz	LTE band 3 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1710 - 1770 MHz	LTE band 10 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2110 - 2170 MHz	LTE band 10 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz	LTE band 9 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz	LTE band 9 FDD downlink	-	-
1850 - 1910 MHz	LTE band 2 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1930 - 1990 MHz	LTE band 2 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1850 - 1915 MHz	LTE band 25 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1930 - 1995 MHz	LTE band 25 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1920 - 1980 MHz	LTE band 1 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2110 - 2170 MHz	LTE band 1 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
2000 - 2020 MHz	LTE band 23 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2180 - 2200 MHz	LTE band 23 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
2305 - 2315 MHz	LTE band 30 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2350 - 2360 MHz	LTE band 30 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
2500 - 2570 MHz	LTE band 7 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2620 - 2690 MHz	LTE band 7 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
3410 - 3490 MHz	LTE band 22 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
3510 - 3590 MHz	LTE band 22 FDD downlink	Mobile	-

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
703 - 803 MHz	LTE band 44 TDD	Mobile	-
717 - 728 MHz	LTE band 29 FDD unpaired downlink (carrier aggregation use only)	Mobile	-
1850 - 1910 MHz	LTE band 35 TDD	Mobile	-
1880 - 1920 MHz	LTE band 39 TDD	Mobile	-
1900 - 1920 MHz	LTE band 33 TDD	Mobile	-
1910 - 1930 MHz	LTE band 37 TDD	Mobile	-
1930 - 1990 MHz	LTE band 36 TDD	Mobile	-
2010 - 2025 MHz	LTE band 34 TDD	Mobile	-
2300 - 2400 MHz	LTE band 40 TDD	Mobile	-
2496 - 2690 MHz	LTE band 41 TDD	Mobile	-
2570 - 2620 MHz	LTE band 38 TDD	Mobile	-
3400 - 3600 MHz	LTE band 42 TDD	Mobile	-
3600 - 3800 MHz	LTE band 43 TDD	Mobile	-

External Links:

3GPP TS 36.101 specification

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Amateur Radio (33 cm)

According to the ITU, "the 902 MHz band is allocated to the amateur service only in Region 2, where it is also used for industrial, scientific and medical applications, and low-power devices."

In the United States, the ARRL has adopted the following band plan. The band plan may apply in other countries as well:

Frequency (MHz): Use
902-903: Narrow-bandwidth, weak-signal communications
902-902.8: SSTV, FAX, ACSSB, experimental
902.1: Weak-signal calling frequency
902.8-903: Reserved for Earth-Moon-Earth, CW expansion
903.1: Alternate calling frequency
903-906: Digital communications
906-909: FM repeater inputs
909-915: ATV
915-918: Digital communications
918-921: FM repeater outputs
921-927: ATV
927-928: FM simplex and links

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
902 - 928 MHz	Amateur radio 33 cm band (Region 2)	AM	N

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ZigBee

ZigBee is a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) specification based upon the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Zigbee is often employed for wireless mesh network applications, where numerous devices within a geographic area communicate with the neighbors, which pass the message along to its neighbors, and so forth, to create a distributed network. Smart Power Meters, installed at business and residences, have begun using ZigBee to communicate power usage and billing data.

ZigBee transmitters are unlicensed devices that operate in bands typically used by other unlicensed devices, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cordless phones.

According to the ZigBee Alliance, "after 10 years and millions of implementations every year, ZigBee standards prove you can rely on the widest variety of smart and easy-to-use products for just about anywhere you work, live or play. Our innovative standards are designed to let product manufacturers help their customers create their own Internet of Things and M2M wireless sensor networks to gain greater control of, and even improve, everyday activities."

ZigBee supports data rates of up to 250 kbps using O-QPSK modulation in the 2.4 GHz band (worldwide); 40 kbps using BPSK in the 915 MHz band (North America and Australia only); and 20 kbps using BPSK in the 868 MHz band (Europe). Unlike Bluetooth, ZigBee does not use frequency hopping.

Channelized Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Channel	Use	Service	Table
868.3 MHz	600 kHz	0	ZigBee (Europe)	-	-
906 MHz	1.2 MHz	1	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
908 MHz	1.2 MHz	2	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
910 MHz	1.2 MHz	3	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
912 MHz	1.2 MHz	4	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
914 MHz	1.2 MHz	5	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
916 MHz	1.2 MHz	6	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
918 MHz	1.2 MHz	7	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
920 MHz	1.2 MHz	8	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
922 MHz	1.2 MHz	9	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
924 MHz	1.2 MHz	10	ZigBee (North America & Australia)	-	-
2405 MHz	2 MHz	11	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2410 MHz	2 MHz	12	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2415 MHz	2 MHz	13	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2420 MHz	2 MHz	14	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2425 MHz	2 MHz	15	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2430 MHz	2 MHz	16	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2435 MHz	2 MHz	17	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2440 MHz	2 MHz	18	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2445 MHz	2 MHz	19	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2450 MHz	2 MHz	20	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2455 MHz	2 MHz	21	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2460 MHz	2 MHz	22	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2465 MHz	2 MHz	23	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2470 MHz	2 MHz	24	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2475 MHz	2 MHz	25	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-
2480 MHz	2 MHz	26	ZigBee (worldwide)	-	-

External Links:

ZigBee Alliance

ZigBee (Finnish Virtual Polytechnic)

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Location and Monitoring Service (LMS)

The Location and Monitoring Service (LMS) is a locationing technology optimized for use in urban environments and in buildings, where other technologies, such as GPS, may not work well or at all.

Two different types of LMS are defined: Multilateration LMS (M-LMS) and non-multilateration LMS. The respective FCC definitions are:

Multilateration LMS system: A system that is designed to locate vehicles or other objects by measuring the difference of time of arrival, or difference in phase, of signals transmitted from a unit to a number of fixed points or from a number of fixed points to the unit to be located.

Non-multilateration LMS System. A system that employs any of a number of non-multilateration technologies to transmit information to and/or from vehicular units.

LMS shares the band with a variety of users. Most prominently, the band is used by a multitude of unlicensed devices such as many models of cordless phones, baby monitors, and wireless speakers.

LMS licenses were first auctioned in 1999, in FCC auction 21, and in a follow-up auction (39) in 2001. Since then, much effort has been spent creating frameworks and operational constraints that allow LMS, unlicensed devices, and other services to share the band. (See the CommLawBlog link for more details). The FCC has created a chart that shows the hierarchy of rights in this band. The chart has been uploaded under the "FCC Proceedings" heading below.

The majority of licenses in the LMS auctions were won by Progeny LLC. Some of the other winners have since defaulted on their bid payments. Progeny received a waiver of the FCC rules to allow its multilateration system to locate objects other than vehicles. It also received a waiver to provide locationing service by using one-way transmissions from a low density of powerful sites, rather than by using two-way technology that was originally envisioned for LMS.

The 902-928 MHz band has been divided into LMS blocks, which are then authorized for M-LMS or non-multilateration LMS, or shared between the two. LMS operates under Subpart M of Part 90 of the FCC rules, and is considered part of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Radio Service.

In the range 902-927.25 MHz, LMS systems are limited to 30 W ERP. In the range 927.25-928 MHz, the power limit is 300 W ERP [47 CFR 90.205(l)].

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
902 - 904 MHz	Non-multilateration LMS	-	N
904 - 909.75 MHz	Multilateration LMS Block A	-	N
909.75 - 921.75 MHz	Non-multilateration LMS (919.75-921.75 shared with multilateration LMS)	-	N
919.75 - 921.75 MHz	Multilateration LMS Block B (shared with non-multilateration LMS)	-	N
921.75 - 927.75 MHz	Multilateration LMS Block C	-	N
927.25 - 927.5 MHz	Multilateration LMS Block C (forward link)	-	N
927.5 - 927.75 MHz	Multilateration LMS Block B (forward link)	-	N
927.75 - 928 MHz	Multilateration LMS Block A (forward link)	-	N

External Links:

LMS (CommLawBlog)

M-LMS Position Location Network (NextNav & Progeny)

Associated Files:

Hierarchy of rights in the 902-928 MHz band (from FCC 13-78).

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Wind Profiler Radars

Wind profiler radars are radars that point straight up, and through measurements of the radio energy scattered back to the radar, can determine the profile of winds through the atmosphere above the radar site. In the U.S., a few dozen wind profiler radars operate at the 449 MHz frequency, while more than a hundred operate at the 915 MHz frequency. More radars operate internationally.

One type of 915 MHz radar also incorporates an acoustic component, which allows the determination of temperature profiles in addition to wind. According to the "Radar Wind Profiler and RASS Handbook,":

"The 915 MHz radar wind profiler/radio acoustic sounding system (RWP/RASS) measures wind profiles and backscattered signal strength between (nominally) 0.1 km and 5 km and virtual temperature profiles between 0.1 km and 2.5 km. It operates by transmitting electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere and measuring the strength and frequency of backscattered energy. Virtual temperatures are recovered by transmitting an acoustic signal vertically and measuring the electromagnetic energy scattered from the acoustic wavefront. Because the propagation speed of the acoustic wave is proportional to the square root of the virtual temperature of the air, the virtual temperature can be recovered by measuring the Doppler shift of the scattered electromagnetic wave. "

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
449.9 MHz	2.5 MHz	449 MHz Wind Profiler Radar	Radiolocation	-
915 MHz	7.5 MHz	915 MHz Wind Profiler Radar	Radiolocation	-

External Links:

Radar Wind Profiler and RASS Handbook

Report ITU-R M.2013: Wind Profiler Radars

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Military Shipborne Very Long Range Surveillance Radar

The Raytheon AN/SPS-49 series very long range surveillance radar is installed on many ships of the U.S. fleet, as well as several other countries. It operates with 360 kW peak power and 13 kW average power, using a 24 ft wide by 14 ft tall antenna rotating with a period of 12 rotations per minute (one rotation every five seconds). The antenna gain is 28.5 dBi with an azimuth beamwidth of 3.4 deg. The radar can detect objects as close as 0.5 nmi, and as far as 250 nmi. The antenna is stabilized for up to +/-25 deg roll.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
850 - 942 MHz	Military shipborne very long range surveillance radar	Radiolocation	-

External Links:

AN/SPS-49 (Wikipedia)

AN/SPS-49 Radar (FAS)

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WRC Agenda Item 1.5, ITU Region 1

"to review the spectrum use and spectrum needs of existing services in the frequency band 470-960 MHz in Region 1 and consider possible regulatory actions in the frequency band 470-694 MHz in Region 1 on the basis of the review in accordance with Resolution 235 (WRC-15)"

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
470 - 960 MHz	Review spectrum use and needs in Region 1	-	-
470 - 694 MHz	Possible regulatory actions in Region 1	-	-

External Links:

WRC-23 Agenda

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Related Documents, Links, and Multimedia:

FCC Proceeding (5)

Occupancy Measurements (10)

Band Plan (3)

Other (1)

Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	890 MHz	916 MHz	942 MHz
Wavelength	33.7 cm	32.7 cm	31.8 cm
Band designator(s)	UHF	UHF	UHF
Isotropic collecting area	90.3 cm²	85.2 cm²	80.6 cm²
Free space loss (1 m)	31.4 dB	31.7 dB	31.9 dB
Free space loss (1 km)	91.4 dB	91.7 dB	91.9 dB
Free space loss (10 km)	111.4 dB	111.7 dB	111.9 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	131.4 dB	131.7 dB	131.9 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	151.4 dB	151.7 dB	151.9 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	182.5 dB	182.8 dB	183.0 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	203.0 dB	203.2 dB	203.5 dB