Welcome to SpectrumWiki

SpectrumWiki.com is an aggregate of information about the radio spectrum and its many uses. On a band-by-band basis, SpectrumWiki.com contains:

Allocations
Pertinent regulatory footnotes
FCC rule parts
U.S. spectrum auction revenue
Engineering data

Additional information about the radio spectrum is contributed on a crowd-sourced basis through a wiki environment, including:

Spectrum usage (systems and applications)
Regulatory and legislative actions
Band plans
Spectrum measurements
Historical data

and more. Please see below for more information about contributing to SpectrumWiki.

Latest Wiki Entries

Here are a few of the latest new and modified entries in SpectrumWiki:

3GPP 4G/5G Bands

3GPP is the global standards organization for 4G LTE and 5G NR radio technologies. It designates multiple bands throughout the radio spectrum for 4G/5G use. Different combinations of bands are used in different countries and regions.

Bands designated with a "B" are standardized for 4G LTE; bands designated with an "N" are 5G. Some bands are designated for both.

Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) uses paired bands, where one band is used for downlink (DL) transmissions from the base station to the user terminal (i.e., handset), and the other band is used for uplink (UL) transmissions from the user terminal to the base station.

Time Division Duplex (TDD) uses the same band for both uplink and downlink, which share the same frequency in time over ~millisecond timescales.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
410 - 415 MHz	3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B87 Uplink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR)	Mobile	-
420 - 425 MHz	3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B87 Downlink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR)	Mobile	-
412 - 417 MHz	3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B88 Uplink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR)	Mobile	-
422 - 427 MHz	3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B88 Downlink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR)	Mobile	-

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802.11/WLAN/Wi-Fi/WiGig

Wireless LANS utilize various channels in the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz bands (multiple countries), and (in theory) the 3.6 GHz band (U.S. only). For a list of which channels are available in which regions, refer to the Wikipedia article.

Wi-Fi is a trademark permitted for devices that are based upon a published standard of the IEEE 802.11 committee and that have been certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi is presently incorporated in about three billion devices. Wireless cash registers were one of the earliest applications of what is now Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi devices operate on an unlicensed basis, generally meaning they cannot cause interference to licensed services, and must accept any interference caused to them. Wi-Fi shares bands with other unlicensed or ISM devices, such as cordless phones at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz and microwave ovens at 2.4 GHz.

Some of the key patents related to Wi-Fi are credited (in the courts at least) to the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia, which has collected over $400 million in royalties and legal settlements over patent rights.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2400 - 2495 MHz	Wireless LANs	-	-
3655 - 3700 MHz	Wireless LANS (U.S. only; standardized but not used)	-	-
4910 - 4990 MHz	Wireless LANs (Japan) (U.S. public safety 4940-4990)	-	-
5030 - 5090 MHz	WLANs (Japan, 2002-2017)	-	-
5150 - 5350 MHz	Wireless LANs (U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A)	-	-
5470 - 5895 MHz	Wireless LANs (U-NII-2C, U-NII-3, U-NII-4)	-	-
5925 - 7125 MHz	Wireless LANs (U-NII-5, U-NII-6, U-NII-7, U-NII-8)	-	-
42.39 - 46.71 GHz	Wireless LANs (WiGig)	-	-
57.24 - 74.52 GHz	Wireless LANs (WiGig)	-	-

External Links:

List of WLAN Channels (Wikipedia)

Wi-Fi Alliance

IEEE 802.11 Committee

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Uncrewed Aircraft System (UAS) Services

By virtue of Part 88 of the FCC's rules, created in 2024, the 5030-5091 MHz band is designated for use by UAS systems.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
5030 - 5091 MHz	UAS systems	Aeronautical Mobile	-

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PitchCom

PitchCom is a wireless communication system from a baseball catcher to the pitcher that allows the catcher to request different types of pitches. This system is in lieu of using hand gestures, which have been used since the beginning of baseball but can (and have) been stolen by the opposing team.

According to the PitchCom website: "The PitchCom™ communication system uses a proprietary push-button, player-wearable transmitter that allows players on the field to communicate plays to each other without using physical signs or verbal communication. Every player wearing a receiver actually hears the same instructions in their very own chosen language. The PitchCom™ communication system, a patent-pending technology of PitchCom Sports™, can also be adapted to allow coaches to communicate to players in the same covert manner."

The band of frequencies in which PitchCom operates includes many unlicensed devices. PitchCom itself operates as an FCC Part 15 (unlicensed) device.

The FCC ID for the PitchCom device is 2A3O2-PRA. Its max measured field strength is approximately 87.22 dBuV/m at 3 meters (horizontal pol) and 73.3 dBuV/m in vertical pol, according to its certification test report.

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
918.23 MHz	628 kHz	PitchCom catcher-to-pitcher communication device	-	-

External Links:

PitchCom

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China BeiDou Radionavigation Satellite System

BeiDou is a Chinese radionavigation satellite system similar in function to GPS. "BeiDou" roughly translates to "compass" in English.

As of early 2024, the constellation consists of 44 satellites:
- 7 GEO (38,300 km)
- 27 MEO (21,500 km; 55 deg inclination)
- 10 inclined GSO (IGSO)

The minimum signal strength on the ground for all four signals is -163 dBW.

According to Penn State:

"The future BeiDou is expected to support two different kind of general services: Radio Determination Satellite Service (RDSS) and Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS). The RDSS will include a short message communication (guaranteeing backward compatibility with BeiDou-1). A satellite-based 2-way short message service in China and the surrounding areas (75 -135 ° E 10 -55° N) with a power of less than 3W and a capacity of more than 10 million messages/hr using 3 GEO satellites. The RDSS Characteristics will include a global message service using inter-satellite crosslinks with 10W of power and a capacity of 200,000 messages/hr using 14 MEO satellites. The Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS) is very similar to that provided by GPS and Galileo and is designed to achieve a similar performance."

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
1207.14 MHz	24 MHz	BeiDou B2 signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-
1268.52 MHz	24 MHz	BeiDou B3 signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-
1561.098 MHz	4.092 MHz	BeiDou B1 signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-
1589.742 MHz	4.092 MHz	BeiDou B1-2 signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-

External Links:

Chinese BeiDou (Penn State)

List of BeiDou satellites (Wikipedia)

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Galileo Radionavigation Satellite System

Galileo is a European radionavigation satellite system. The Galileo constellation will consist of 30 operational satellites in medium Earth orbit (MEO) at an altitude of 23,222 km, at 56 deg inclination. As of 2024, it is not fully deployed.

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
1176.45 MHz	20.46 MHz	Galileo E5a signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-
1191.795 MHz	51.15 MHz	Galileo E5 signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-
1207.14 MHz	20.46 MHz	Galileo E5b signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-
1278.75 MHz	40.92 MHz	Galileo E6 signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-
1575.42 MHz	24.552 MHz	Galileo E1 signal	Radionavigation-satellite	-

External Links:

Chinese BeiDou (Penn State)

Galileo (satellite navigation) (Wikipedia)

Galileo Signal Plan (ESA Navipedia)

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IEEE 802.15.4 HRP UWB

High pulse repetition frequency ultra-wideband (HPR UWB) is one of the physical layers defined for low data rate personal area network (LR-WPAN) communications in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

According to the FiRa Consortium:

"In challenging environments, such as parking structures, hospitals, airports and high density venues, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology outperforms other technologies in terms of accuracy, power consumption, robustness in wireless connectivity, and security, by a wide margin.

"UWB securely determines the relative position of peer devices with a very high degree of accuracy and can operate with line of sight at up to 200 meters. In contrast to narrow band wireless technologies, the use of wide bandwidth means UWB provides very stable connectivity, with little to no interference and offers highly precise positioning, even in congested multi-path signal environments.

"By calculating precise location, fine ranging based on UWB is a more secure approach to closing and opening locks, whether those locks are installed on a car door, a warehouse entryway, a conference room, or your front door."

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
499.2 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 0	-	-
3494.4 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 1	-	-
3993.6 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 2	-	-
3993.6 MHz	1.3312 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 4	-	-
4492.8 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 3	-	-
6489.6 MHz	1.0816 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 7	-	-
6489.6 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 5	-	-
6988.8 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 6	-	-
7488 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 8	-	-
7987.2 MHz	1.3312 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 11	-	-
7987.2 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 9	-	-
8486.4 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 10	-	-
8985.6 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 12	-	-
9484.8 MHz	1.35497 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 15	-	-
9484.8 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 13	-	-
9984 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 14	-	-

Associated Files:

802.15.4 HRP UWB PHY band allocation

External Links:

IEEE 802.15.4 standard (IEEE)

IEEE 802.15.4 (Wikipedia)

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Radiosondes

According to the U.S. National Weather Service:

In order to understand the dynamic processes that result in the weather we experience, we need to know what is happening through the entire atmosphere. These observations are primarily taken with the aid of radiosondes.

The radiosonde is a small instrument package that is suspended below balloon filled with either hydrogen or helium. As the radiosonde is carried aloft, it measures pressure, temperature, and relative humidity.

These sensors are linked to a battery-powered radio transmitter that sends the information to a ground receiver. By tracking the position of the radiosonde in flight via GPS (Global Positioning System), measurements of wind speed and direction aloft is also obtained.

Worldwide, most radiosonde observations are taken daily at 00Z and 12Z (6 a.m. and 6 p.m. EST). With worldwide coordination of these upper air observations, we can obtain a picture of the various pressure and wind patterns across the globe.

Radiosonde observations technically provide only pressure, temperature, and relative humidity data; the tracked position of a radiosonde is actually called a rawinsonde observation and is used to obtain wind speed and direction. However, meteorologists and other data users frequently refer to them as part of the radiosonde observation.

The radiosonde flight can last in excess of two hours, and during this time the radiosonde can ascend to over 115,000 feet (35,000 m) and drift more than 125 miles (200 km) from the release point. During the flight, the radiosonde is exposed to temperatures as cold as -130°F (-92°C) and air pressures of only a few hundredths of what is found on the Earth's surface.

When the balloon has expanded beyond its elastic limit (20-25 feet in diameter) and bursts, the radiosonde returns to Earth via a small parachute. This slows its descent, minimizing the danger to life and property.

If found, radiosondes are safe to handle, as long as the balloon is deflated. Cut the string to the balloon/parachute and place them in a trash receptacle. You may also dispose of the radiosonde itself or keep it.

Worldwide, there are about 1,300 upper-air stations. Observations are made by the NWS at 92 stations: 69 in the conterminous United States, 13 in Alaska, nine in the Pacific, and one in Puerto Rico.

NWS supports the operation of 10 other stations in the Caribbean. Through international agreements, data are exchanged between countries worldwide.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
400.15 - 406 MHz	Radiosondes	Meteorological Aids	F
1675 - 1685 MHz	Radiosondes	Meteorological Aids	F

Associated Files:

A Lockheed Martin Mark IIA Microsonde (radiosonde).

Preparing to launch a radiosonde (Reno, NV area).

External Links:

Radiosondes (U.S. National Weather Service)

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WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.2

1.2 to consider in-band power limits for earth stations operating in the mobile-satellite service, meteorological-satellite service and Earth exploration-satellite service in the frequency bands 401-403 MHz and 399.9-400.05 MHz, in accordance with Resolution 765 [COM6/7] (WRC-15);

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
399.9 - 400.05 MHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.2	-	-
401 - 403 MHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.2	-	-

External Links:

WRC-19 (International Telecommunication Union)

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Instrument Landing System

Pilots use various radio aids to help guide them to the runway for landing, particularly in poor weather or other low-visibility conditions. Collectively, these aids are referred to as the Instrument Landing System (ILS). ILS utilizes 75 MHz, 108.1-111.95 MHz, and 329.15-335.0 MHz. According to NTIA, "there is international agreement within the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) establishing the ILS as a standard landing system, and the ILS is used extensively worldwide."

Localizer

The localizer helps establish the proper horizontal path for an approach to the runway. The localizer transmission consists of two signals, one modulated with a 90 Hz tone and transmitted with a beam pointed along the left side of the approach, and another modulated with a 150 Hz tone and transmitted with a beam pointed along the right side of the approach. The plane's ILS receiver compares the strength of the two modulated tones and can determine whether the plane is aligned too far left (too much 90 Hz tone), too far right (too much 150 Hz tone), or along the center of the runway (equal strengths for both tones).

The localizer signal is useful for a distance of approximately 18 nm from the runway.

The localizer and glide slope frequencies are paired, so that the pilot need only select one, and the other is set automatically. The localizer channels are in the 108.1-111.95 MHz band. Note that the localizer channels are interspersed with channels for VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) signals in this band. VORs are used for enroute navigation, as opposed to precision navigation to the runway. See the related links for a full list of the ILS channel plan.

Glide Slope

The glide slope indicator works similarly to the localizer signal, but instead of indicating proper horizontal position, it indicates the proper vertical path to the runway (typically a 3 deg slope down to the runway). The 90 Hz tone is transmitted pointed above the proper path, while the 150 Hz modulated signal is pointed below the proper path. Comparison of the strength of the two tones informs the ILS receiver (and pilot) whether the plane is on the correct vertical path.

The glide slope signal is useful out to a distance of about 10 nm from the runway.

The glide slope and localizer frequencies are paired, so that the pilot need only select one, and the other is set automatically. The glide slope channels are in the 329.15-335.0 MHz band.

See the related links for a full list of the ILS channel plan.

Marker Beacons

The Instrument Landing System (ILS) marker beacons are located at varying distances along the approach to a runway to indicate the approximate distance to the runway. Marker beacons are typically used when an airport does not have Distance Measurement Equipment (DME) capabilities.

Outer markers are located between about 4-7 miles from the end of the runway. The antenna system, typically two yagis in a V configuration with the open part of the V pointing upwards, creates a narrow vertical beam that the pilots receive when they fly over. The outer marker transmits an AM signal at 75 MHz with a 400 Hz modulated tone.

The middle marker is typically about 2000 ft from the end of the runway, and transmits a 1 kHz modulated tone. The middle marker beacon is often a simple three-element yagi pointed straight up.

The inner marker is typically 700-800 ft from the end of the runway and transmits a 3 kHz modulated tone.

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
75 MHz	400 kHz	Instrument Landing System outer, middle, and inner markers	Aeronautical Radionavigation	-

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
108.1 - 111.95 MHz	Instrument Landing Systemn localizer signal	Aeronautical Radionavigation	-
329.15 - 335 MHz	Instrument Landing System glide slope signal	Aeronautical Radionavigation	-

External Links:

ILS Frequencies (Radio reference)

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Mobile User Objective System (MUOS)

According to the U.S. Navy:

Mobile User Object System (MUOS) is a narrowband Military Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM) system that supports a worldwide, multi-Service population of mobile and fixed-site terminal users in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band, providing increased communications capabilities to smaller terminals while still supporting interoperability to legacy terminals.

MUOS adapts a commercial third generation Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) cellular phone network architecture and combines it with geosynchronous satellites (in place of cell towers) to provide a new and more capable UHF MILSATCOM system. The constellation of four operational satellites and ground network control will provide greater than 10 times the system capacity of the current UHF Follow-On (UFO) constellation.

The first MUOS satellite was launched February 24th, 2012, and began operations in August 2012. The MUOS constellation will eventually be comprised of four GSO satellites and one in-orbit spare. The operational satellites will be located at 177 deg W (Pacific), 100 deg W (CONUS), 15.5 deg W (Atlantic), and 75 deg E (Indian). The spare satellite will be parked at 72 deg E.

The satellites transmit 9.8 W of power into a 14 m dish. The service links are comprised of four 5 MHz-wide SA-WCDMA channels occupying the 20 MHz wide UHF uplink and downlink bands.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
300 - 320 MHz	MUOS service uplink	Mobile-satellite	F
360 - 380 MHz	MUOS service downlink	Mobile-satellite	F
20.2 - 21.2 GHz	MUOS feeder downlink	Fixed-satellite	F
30 - 31 GHz	MUOS feeder uplink	Fixed-satellite	F

External Links:

"The Mobile User Objective System" (Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab Technical Digest)

MUOS (Wikipedia)

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Defense Satellite Communication System 3 (DSCS III)

According to the U.S. Space Force:

Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) constellation provides long haul communications to users worldwide through contested environments.

DSCS supports: the defense communications system, the military’s ground mobile forces, airborne terminals, ships at sea, and Department of Defense (DOD).

The first DSCS III satellite was launched in October 1982. The final DSCS III satellite, B6, was launched in August 2003. In all, DSCS III successfully launched 14 satellites, six of which are still operational and continue to be used in various capacities, from operational communications in Southwest Asia to research and development of ground-based support capabilities.

Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), Los Angeles Air Force Base, Calif., sustains the DSCS Space Segment contract.

DSCS III satellites support globally distributed DOD and national security users. Modifications made to these satellites will provide substantial capacity improvements through higher power amplifiers, more sensitive receivers, and additional antenna connectivity options. The DSCS communications payload includes six independent Super High Frequency (SHF) transponder channels. Three receive and five transmit antennas provide selectable options for Earth coverage, area coverage and/or spot beam coverage. A special purpose single-channel transponder is also on board.

DSCS satellites provide the capabilities needed for effective implementation of worldwide military communications. It can adapt rapidly to dynamic operating conditions and perform under stressed environments. DSCS operates with large or small terminals. DSCS’s independent channels group users by operational needs or geographical location by allocating receiver sensitivity and transmitter power, thus providing maximum efficiency.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
7250 - 7750 MHz	DSCS III downlink	Mobile-satellite	F
7900 - 8400 MHz	DSCS III uplink	Mobile-satellite	F

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
7600 MHz	-	DSCS III Beacon (A series satellites)	Mobile-satellite	F
7604.705882 MHz	-	DSCS III Beacon (B series satellites)	Mobile-satellite	F
8005.146484 MHz	-	DSCS III Channel 1 command uplink	Mobile-satellite	F
8370.146484 MHz	-	DSCS III Channel 5 command uplink	Mobile-satellite	F

External Links:

DSCS-3 (Gunter's Space Page)

DSCS-3 (fas.org)

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Orbcomm LEO Satellite Constellation

TV White Space Devices

TV white space devices are unlicensed intentional radiators that operate on available TV channels in the broadcast television frequency bands. Channel availability is determined from geospatial information and a TV bands database.

White space devices in the U.S. are governed by Part 15(H) of the FCC's rules. They operate on available TV channels in the broadcast television frequency bands, the 600 MHz band (including the guard bands and duplex gap), and in 608-614 MHz (channel 37).

TV white spaces has not been a commercial success and very few devices are in operation.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
54 - 72 MHz	Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices	-	N
76 - 88 MHz	Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices	-	N
174 - 216 MHz	Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices	-	N
470 - 614 MHz	Fixed and personal/portable white space devices	-	N
617 - 652 MHz	Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in areas where 600 MHz licensees are not operating	-	N
657 - 663 MHz	Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in the 600 MHz duplex gap	-	N
663 - 698 MHz	Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in areas where 600 MHz licensees are not operating	-	N

External Links:

FCC White Space Database Administration

RED Technologies White Space Database

47 CFR 15H (FCC rules for TV White Space Devices)

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Terminal Doppler Weather Radar

Terminal Doppler Weather Radars are located near some major airports and are used to detect wind shear or microburst activity. According to MIT Lincoln Laboratory:

"A microburst is an intense localized downdraft that is sometimes generated by a thunderstorm. If an aircraft inadvertently encounters a microburst while flying at low altitude, it may lose altitude rapidly and not be able to recover in time to avoid a crash. In fact, a series of commercial aviation accidents in the 1970s and 80s led the FAA to commission a sensor capable of remotely detecting low-altitude wind shear phenomena such as the microburst. The resulting product was the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR), which is now deployed at 45 major airports around the country."

Additional information about TDWR is available at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Web site.

The FCC allows Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) devices in the 5150-5350 and 5470-5825 MHz bands, which overlaps the band used for TDWR. To avoid interference to TDWR and other radars, UNII devices operating in the 5250-5350 and 5470-5725 MHz bands must automatically sense and avoid radar signals. There have been several instances of interference to TDWR from UNII devices that were either operating outside their designed bands or had dynamic frequency selection intentionally disabled.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
5600 - 5650 MHz	Terminal Doppler Weather Radar	Meteorological Aids	F

Associated Files:

A peak-hold plot (blue line) of the spectrum of the Washington Dulles TDWR at 5605 MHz.

External Links:

Map of TDWR locations (NOAA)

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NEXRAD Weather Radar

In the United States, NEXt-generation weather RADars (NEXRAD) operate in the band 2700-3000 MHz. The radars are WSR-88D (Weather Surveillance Radar - 1988 Doppler) models. According to the National Weather Service, there are 160 operational NEXRAD radars throughout the U.S. and at some overseas locations. According to NTIA technical report 13-490, the lowest tuned frequency for any NEXRAD is 2705 MHz, and the radars have the following technical characteristics:

Peak transmitter power	750 kW
Transmitter type	klystron tube
Operational frequency range	2700-3000 MHz
Antenna type	9 m (28 ft) diameter parabolic reflector with microwave feed horn at power center
Antenna gain	45.5 dBi
Antenna height above ground	24 m (80 ft)
Antenna beam width	0.95 deg (3 dB width) 0.15 deg (boresight accuracy)
Antenna sidelobe levels	At least 27 dB below main-beam gain
Antenna beam scanning protocol	conical scan, +0.5 deg to +20 deg elevation
Antenna beam scanning rate	6 rpm (10 sec/scan revolution interval)
Transmitted pulse widths	short pulse: 1.6 microsec long Pulse: 4.5 microsec
Transmitted pulse modulation	P0N (unmodulated CW pulses)
Transmitted pulse repetition rates	short pulse: 318 to 1304 pulses/sec long pulse: 318 to 452 pulses/sec
Receiver bandwidth	0.795 MHz

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2700 - 3000 MHz	NEXRAD Weather Radar	Meteorological Aids	F

External Links:

NTIA Technical Report 13-490

NWS Radar Operations Center

Map of NEXRAD radar sites (NOAA)

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Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR-11)

According to the FAA:

Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR-11) is an integrated primary and secondary radar system that has been deployed at terminal air traffic control sites. It interfaces with both legacy and digital automation systems and provides six-level national weather service calibrated weather capability that provides enhanced situational awareness for both controllers and pilots.

The primary surveillance radar uses a continually rotating antenna mounted on a tower to transmit electromagnetic waves that reflect, or backscatter, from the surface of aircraft up to 60 nautical miles from the radar. The radar system measures the time required for radar to echo to return and the direction of the signal. From this, the system can then measure the distance of the aircraft from the radar antenna and the azimuth, or direction, of the aircraft in relation to the antenna. The primary radar also provides data on six levels of rainfall intensity and operates in the range of 2700 to 2900 MHz. The transmitter generates a peak effective power of 25 kW and an average power of 2.1 kW. The average power density of the ASR-11 signal decreases with distance from the antenna. At distances of more than 43 feet from the antenna, the power density of the ASR-11 signal falls below the maximum permissible exposure levels established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

The secondary surveillance radar uses a second radar beacon antenna attached to the top of the primary radar antenna to transmit and receive area aircraft data for barometric altitude, identification code, and emergency conditions. Military, commercial, and some general aviation aircraft have transponders that automatically respond to a signal from the secondary radar by reporting an identification code and altitude. The air traffic control centers uses this system data to verify the location of aircraft within a 60-mile radius of the radar site. The secondary radar also provides rapid identification of aircraft in distress. The secondary radar operates in the range of 1030 to 1090 MHz. Transmitting power ranges from 160 to 1500 watts.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1030 - 1090 MHz	Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR-11) secondary radar band	Aeronautical Radionavigation	F
2700 - 2900 MHz	Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR-11) primary radar band	Aeronautical Radionavigation	F

External Links:

Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR-11) (FAA)

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EarthCARE satellite cloud profiler radar

According to eoPortal.org, "EarthCARE is a climate satellite mission operated by ESA and the Japanese Aerospace Agency (JAXA) that will develop climate and weather forecasting models by understanding the role of cloud-aerosol-radiation interactions. The mission launched on May 28, 2024."

EarthCARE stands for Earth Clouds, Aerosols, and Radiation Explorer.

The satellite carries a high power cloud profiler radar that operates at 94.05 GHz with a 7 MHz bandwidth. The pulse repetition frequency is 6100-7500 Hz. The radar transmitter uses LHCP, and the receiver uses RHCP.

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
94.05 GHz	7 MHz	EarthCARE satellite cloud profiler radar	Earth Exploration-satellite	-

External Links:

EarthCARE page from eoPortal

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Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS)

The U.S. FCC has opened the 3550-3700 MHz band for sharing under an innovative three-tiered architecture. The first tier is the incumbents, which consists mainly of the U.S. military for shipborne radars. There is also limited use of the band for fixed-satellite service (FSS) receive-only earth stations above 3625 MHz.

The second tier, created by the FCC, is the Priority Access Licenses (PALs). A Priority Access License consists of a 10 MHz authorization within a single county, and PALs were auctioned by the Commission in Auction 105, which raised more than $4.5 billion in net bids. PALs are limited to the 3550-3650 MHz portion of the band.

The third tier is General Authorized Access (GAA) users, who may operate across the entire band (3550-3700 MHz), but may not cause interference to PALs or to incumbent users.

The PAL and GAA tiers must be controlled by a centralized Spectrum Access System (SAS) that enforces interference policies. Several commercials SASs are in operation.

PAL and GAA operate under a Part 96 of the FCC's rules, titled the Citizens Broadband Radio Service(CBRS). CBRS devices are referred to as CBSDs (Citizens Broadband radio Service Devices).

The WISPs and utilities that occupied the 3650-3700 MHz band under Part 90 of the FCC's rules were required to transition to CBRS (Part 96) (GAA and/or PAL), a process that was completed by 2023.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
3550 - 3650 MHz	Citizens Broadband Radio Service (PAL and GAA)	Mobile	N
3650 - 3700 MHz	Citizens Broadband Radio Service (GAA only)	Mobile	N

External Links:

FCC CBRS releases

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WRC-27 consideration of EESS (passive) allocations

WRC-27 agenda item 1.19:

to consider possible primary allocations in all Regions to the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) in the frequency bands 4 200-4 400 MHz and 8 400-8 500 MHz, in accordance with Resolution 674 (WRC-23)

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
4200 - 4400 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of EESS (passive) allocations	Earth Exploration-satellite	-
8400 - 8500 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of EESS (passive) allocations	Earth Exploration-satellite	-

External Links:

WRC-27 agenda (see annex 1)

Resolution 674 (WRC-23)

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