6765-6795 kHz	(centre frequency 6780 kHz),
433.05-434.79 MHz	(centre frequency 433.92 MHz) in Region 1 except in the countries mentioned in No. 5.280,
61-61.5 GHz	(centre frequency 61.25 GHz),
122-123 GHz	(centre frequency 122.5 GHz), and
244-246 GHz	(centre frequency 245 GHz)

are designated for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. The use of these frequency bands for ISM applications shall be subject to special authorizations by the administration concerned, in agreement with other administrations whose radiocommunication services might be affected. In applying this provision, administrations shall have due regard to the latest relevant ITU-R Recommendations.

5.271 Additional allocation: in Belarus, China, India, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, the band 420-460 MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service (radio altimeters) on a secondary basis. (WRC-07)

5.276 Additional allocation: in Afghanistan, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Malta, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Somalia, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Turkey and Yemen, the band 430-440 MHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis and the bands 430-435 MHz and 438-440 MHz are also allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis. (WRC-07)

5.277 Additional allocation: in Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cameroon, Congo (Rep. of the), Djibouti, the Russian Federation, Georgia, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia, Romania, Rwanda, Tajikistan, Chad, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the band 430-440 MHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. (WRC-07)

5.278 Different category of service: in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana, Honduras, Panama and Venezuela, the allocation of the band 430-440 MHz to the amateur service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33).

5.279 Additional allocation: in Mexico, the bands 430-435 MHz and 438-440 MHz are also allocated on a primary basis to the land mobile service, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.

5.279A The use of this band by sensors in the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) shall be in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R RS.1260-1. Additionally, the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) in the band 432-438 MHz shall not cause harmful interference to the aeronautical radionavigation service in China.

The provisions of this footnote in no way diminish the obligation of the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) to operate as a secondary service in accordance with Nos. 5.29 and 5.30.

5.280 In Germany, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia and Switzerland, the band 433.05 434.79 MHz (centre frequency 433.92 MHz) is designated for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. Radiocommunication services of these countries operating within this band must accept harmful interference which may be caused by these applications. ISM equipment operating in this band is subject to the provisions of No. 15.13. (WRC-07)

5.281 Additional allocation: in the French overseas departments and communities in Region 2 and India, the band 433.75-434.25 MHz is also allocated to the space operation service (Earth-to-space) on a primary basis. In France and in Brazil, the band is allocated to the same service on a secondary basis.

5.282 In the bands 435-438 MHz, 1260-1270 MHz, 2400-2450 MHz, 3400-3410 MHz (in Regions 2 and 3 only) and 5650-5670 MHz, the amateur-satellite service may operate subject to not causing harmful interference to other services operating in accordance with the Table (see No. 5.43). Administrations authorizing such use shall ensure that any harmful interference caused by emissions from a station in the amateur-satellite service is immediately eliminated in accordance with the provisions of No. 25.11. The use of the bands 1260-1270 MHz and 5650-5670 MHz by the amateur-satellite service is limited to the Earth-to-space direction.

5.286 The band 449.75-450.25 MHz may be used for the space operation service (Earth-to-space) and the space research service (Earth-to-space), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.

Could not find US64

US87 The band 449.75-450.25 MHz may be used by Federal and non-Federal stations for space telecommand (Earth-to-space) at specific locations, subject to such conditions as may be applied on a case-by-case basis. Operators shall take all practical steps to keep the carrier frequency close to 450 MHz.

US230 The bands 422.1875-425.4875 MHz and 427.1875-429.9875 MHz are allocated to the land mobile service on a primary basis for non-Federal use within 80.5 kilometers (50 miles) of Cleveland, OH (41° 29' 51.2'' N, 81° 41' 49.5'' W) and Detroit, MI (42° 19' 48.1'' N, 83° 02' 56.7'' W). The bands 423.8125-425.4875 MHz and 428.8125-429.9875 MHz are allocated to the land mobile service on a primary basis for non-Federal use within 80.5 kilometers of Buffalo, NY (42° 52' 52.2'' N, 78° 52' 20.1'' W).

US269 In the band 420-450 MHz, the following provisions shall apply to the non-Federal radiolocation service:

(a) Pulse-ranging radiolocation systems may be authorized for use along the shoreline of the conterminous United States and Alaska.
(b) In the sub-band 420-435 MHz, spread spectrum radiolocation systems may be authorized within the conterminous United States and Alaska.
(c) All stations operating in accordance with this provision shall be secondary to stations operating in accordance with the Table of Frequency Allocations.
(d) Authorizations shall be granted on a case-by-case basis; however, operations proposed to be located within the areas listed in paragraph (a) of US270 should not expect to be accommodated.

US270 In the band 420-450 MHz, the following provisions shall apply to the amateur service:

(a) The peak envelope power of an amateur station shall not exceed 50 watts in the following areas, unless expressly authorized by the FCC after mutual agreement, on a case-by-case basis, between the District Director of the applicable field office and the military area frequency coordinator at the applicable military base. For areas (5) through (7), the appropriate military coordinator is located at Peterson AFB, CO.

(1) Arizona, Florida and New Mexico.
(2) Within those portions of California and Nevada that are south of latitude 37° 10' N.
(3) Within that portion of Texas that is west of longitude 104° W.
(4) Within 322 km of Eglin AFB, FL (30° 30' N, 86° 30' W); Patrick AFB, FL (28° 21' N, 80° 43' W); and the Pacific Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, CA (34° 09' N, 119° 11' W).
(5) Within 240 km of Beale AFB, CA (39° 08' N, 121° 26' W).
(6) Within 200 km of Goodfellow AFB, TX (31° 25' N, 100° 24' W) and Warner Robins AFB, GA (32° 38' N, 83° 35' W).
(7) Within 160 km of Clear AFS, AK (64° 17' N, 149° 10' W); Concrete, ND (48° 43' N, 97° 54' W); and Otis AFB, MA (41° 45' N, 70° 32' W).

(b) In the sub-band 420-430 MHz, the amateur service is not allocated north of Line A (def. § 2.1).

US397 In the band 432-438 MHz, the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) is allocated on a secondary basis for Federal use. Stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) shall not be operated within line-of-sight of the United States except for the purpose of short duration pre-operational testing. Operations under this allocation shall not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, any other services allocated in the band 432-438 MHz in the United States, including secondary services and the amateur-satellite service.

G2 In the bands 216.965-216.995 MHz, 420-450 MHz (except as provided for in G129), 890-902 MHz, 928-942 MHz, 1300-1390 MHz, 2310-2390 MHz, 2417-2450 MHz, 2700-2900 MHz, 3300-3500 MHz (except as provided for in US108), 5650-5925 MHz, and 9000-9200 MHz, use of the Federal radiolocation service is restricted to the military services.

G8 Low power Federal radio control operations are permitted in the band 420-450 MHz.

G129 Federal wind profilers are authorized to operate on a primary basis in the radiolocation service in the frequency band 448-450 MHz with an authorized bandwidth of no more than 2 MHz centered on 449 MHz, subject to the following conditions: 1) wind profiler locations must be pre-coordinated with the military services to protect fixed military radars; and 2) wind profiler operations shall not cause harmful interference to, nor claim protection from, military mobile radiolocation stations that are engaged in critical national defense operations.

SpectrumWiki

Amateur Radio (70 cm Band)

All or part of this band is allocated worldwide on a seconday basis to the amateur and amateur-satellite services. The band is often referred to as either the 440 band or the 70 cm band.

In the United States, the entire range 420 - 450 MHz is allocated for amateur radio. According to the ARRL, the following band plan is used:

Frequency (MHz):Use
420-426: ATV repeater or simplex with 421.25 MHz video carrier (NTSC)
426-432: ATV simplex with 427.25 MHz video carrier (NTSC)
432-432.07: Earth-Moon-Earth
432.07-432.10: Weak-signal CW
432.1: 70-cm calling frequency
432.1-432.3: Mixed-mode and weak-signal work
432.3-432.4: Propagation beacons
432.4-433.0: Mixed-mode and weak-signal work
433-435: Auxiliary/repeater links
435-438: Satellite only (internationally)
438-444: ATV repeater input (439.25 MHz video carrier)
442-445: Repeater inputs and outputs (local option)
445-447: Shared auxiliary & control links; repeaters and simplex
446.0: National simplex FM frequency
447-450: Repeater inputs and outputs (local option)

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
420 - 450 MHz	Amateur radio 440 band (aka 70 cm band)	AM	N

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Radiofrequency Identification (RFID)

An RFID system consists of an interrogator and a transponder, and is used for identification and data capture. RFID systems are used for a very wide range of applications, including:

Highway tolls
Vehicle tracking
Container tracking
Inventory control & theft prevention (often used to prevent shoplifting)
Healthcare (patient & drug tracking)
Passports
ID cards
Building entry
Livestock & pet tracking

and numerous other applications.

RFID tags can be extremely small devices with little or no internal power, which respond to an interrogation by utilizing some of the RF energy imparted by the interrogator; or they can be larger powered units that can be interrogated over larger distances.

The ITU is in the process of attempting to harmonize RFID bands, since RFID systems are used for global commerce. ITU Study Group 1 (Working Party 1B) is drafting a new ITU-R Recommendation on RFID.

ISO/IEC18000 is the principal standard for the RFID air interface.

RFID systems typically operate in ISM and unlicensed bands.

The bands listed below represent the totality of the various bands presently used around the world. The exact bands used in specific countries may vary (and is what the ITU is attempting to harmonize).

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
9 - 135 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
13553 - 13567 kHz	RFID (inductive systems)	-	-
433.05 - 434.79 MHz	RFID (often used for tracking shipping containers)	-	-
860 - 960 MHz	RFID (ITU Regions 1 & 3)	-	-
902 - 928 MHz	RFID (ITU Region 2)	-	-
2400 - 2500 MHz	RFID	-	-
5725 - 5875 MHz	RFID	-	-

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FCC Narrowbanding Mandate

The FCC has mandated that all Private Land Mobile Radio (PLMR) and Industrial/Business Radio Pool systems operating in the 150-174 and 421-512 MHz bands must operate using a channel bandwidth of no more than 12.5 kHz, or "a technology that achieves the narrowband equivalent of one channel per 12.5 kHz of channel bandwidth (voice) or 4800 bits per second per 6.25 kHz (data) if the bandwidth for transmissions specified in the modification application is greater than 12.5 kHz."

The deadline for narrowbanding is January 1, 2013. Prior to this date, systems in these bands were allowed up to 25 kHz channel bandwidth.

Narrowbanding of the 470-512 MHz portion ("T-band") has been put on hold by the FCC. Congressional action in the Middle Class Tax Relief and Jobs Creation Act mandated that this sub-band be cleared of all mobile systems in light of the TV band incentive auction and the eventual creation of the nationwide public safety broadband network.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
150 - 174 MHz	FCC Narrowband Mandate for PLMR and Industrial/Business Radio Pool systems	-	N
421 - 512 MHz	FCC Narrowband Mandate for PLMR and Industrial/Business Radio Pool systems	-	N

External Links:

FCC Narrowbanding Mandate Order

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IEEE 802.15.4 HRP UWB

High pulse repetition frequency ultra-wideband (HPR UWB) is one of the physical layers defined for low data rate personal area network (LR-WPAN) communications in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

According to the FiRa Consortium:

"In challenging environments, such as parking structures, hospitals, airports and high density venues, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology outperforms other technologies in terms of accuracy, power consumption, robustness in wireless connectivity, and security, by a wide margin.

"UWB securely determines the relative position of peer devices with a very high degree of accuracy and can operate with line of sight at up to 200 meters. In contrast to narrow band wireless technologies, the use of wide bandwidth means UWB provides very stable connectivity, with little to no interference and offers highly precise positioning, even in congested multi-path signal environments.

"By calculating precise location, fine ranging based on UWB is a more secure approach to closing and opening locks, whether those locks are installed on a car door, a warehouse entryway, a conference room, or your front door."

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
499.2 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 0	-	-
3494.4 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 1	-	-
3993.6 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 2	-	-
3993.6 MHz	1.3312 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 4	-	-
4492.8 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 3	-	-
6489.6 MHz	1.0816 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 7	-	-
6489.6 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 5	-	-
6988.8 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 6	-	-
7488 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 8	-	-
7987.2 MHz	1.3312 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 11	-	-
7987.2 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 9	-	-
8486.4 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 10	-	-
8985.6 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 12	-	-
9484.8 MHz	1.35497 GHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 15	-	-
9484.8 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 13	-	-
9984 MHz	499.2 MHz	802.15.4 HRP UWB Channel 14	-	-

External Links:

IEEE 802.15.4 standard (IEEE)

IEEE 802.15.4 (Wikipedia)

Associated Files:

802.15.4 HRP UWB PHY band allocation

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PMR446 and dPMR446

Personal Mobile Radio 446 (PMR446) is the European equivalent of FRS/GMRS in the United States. It operates on nine analog channels in 446 - 446.1 MHz, and both FDMA and TDMA digital channels (using 4-level FSK) in 446.1-446.2 MHz, at a maximum power level of 500 mW.

The spectrum covered by PMR446 and dPMR446 is allocated to the amateur radio service in the U.S., and the use of PMR446/dPMR446 radios by anyone not licensed as an amateur radio operator is therefore not allowed.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
446 - 446.1 MHz	PMR446 (analog)	Mobile	-
446.1 - 446.2 MHz	dPMR446 (digital)	Mobile	-

External Links:

PMR446 (Wikipedia)

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PAVE PAWS

PAVE PAWS is a high-power phased array radar operated by the U.S. military to detect intercontinental ballistic missiles. There are presently (2013) three operating PAVE PAWS sites at Clear, AK, Cape Cod, MA, and Beale AFB, CA. The PAVE PAWS radar is also known by its government designator, AN/FPS-115.

According to the spec sheet at the fas.org Web site, PAVE PAWS has a peak/average transmit power of 582/146 kW, antenna gain of 38 dBi, and an operational range of 3,000 nm (about 5500 km).

PAVE PAWS radars are also capable of detecting echoes off of Earth-orbiting space debris.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
420 - 450 MHz	PAVE PAWS radar	Radiolocation	F

External Links:

AN/FPS-115 (fas.org)

PAVE PAWS (Wikipedia)

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Wind Profiler Radars

Wind profiler radars are radars that point straight up, and through measurements of the radio energy scattered back to the radar, can determine the profile of winds through the atmosphere above the radar site. In the U.S., a few dozen wind profiler radars operate at the 449 MHz frequency, while more than a hundred operate at the 915 MHz frequency. More radars operate internationally.

One type of 915 MHz radar also incorporates an acoustic component, which allows the determination of temperature profiles in addition to wind. According to the "Radar Wind Profiler and RASS Handbook,":

"The 915 MHz radar wind profiler/radio acoustic sounding system (RWP/RASS) measures wind profiles and backscattered signal strength between (nominally) 0.1 km and 5 km and virtual temperature profiles between 0.1 km and 2.5 km. It operates by transmitting electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere and measuring the strength and frequency of backscattered energy. Virtual temperatures are recovered by transmitting an acoustic signal vertically and measuring the electromagnetic energy scattered from the acoustic wavefront. Because the propagation speed of the acoustic wave is proportional to the square root of the virtual temperature of the air, the virtual temperature can be recovered by measuring the Doppler shift of the scattered electromagnetic wave. "

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
449.9 MHz	2.5 MHz	449 MHz Wind Profiler Radar	Radiolocation	-
915 MHz	7.5 MHz	915 MHz Wind Profiler Radar	Radiolocation	-

External Links:

Radar Wind Profiler and RASS Handbook

Report ITU-R M.2013: Wind Profiler Radars

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ReconRobotics Surveillance Robot Waiver

Under a waiver granted to ReconRobotics, Inc., the company's products can use the 430-436, 436-442, and 442-448 MHz segments for analog video and audio transmission. Units must be licensed under Part 90 of the FCC rules. Eligibility is limited to state and local police and firefighters eligible for licensing under Section 90.20(a)(1), and security personnel in critical infrastructure industries.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
420 - 450 MHz	ReconRobotics surveillance robot	-	-

External Links:

ReconRobotics waiver order

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Motus wildlife tracking systen

According to Motus.org, "the Motus Wildlife Tracking System (Motus) is an international collaborative research network that uses coordinated automated radio telemetry to facilitate research and education on the ecology and conservation of migratory animals. Motus is a program of Birds Canada in partnership with collaborating researchers and organizations."

According to the Northeast Motus Collaboration, "nanotag transmitters currently weigh as little as 0.3g and all operate on 166.380 MHz, emitting a coded microburst pulse that allows each individual tag to be instantly identified."

In Latin, the word motus means movement.

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
166.38 MHz	-	Lotek Motus wildlife tags	Mobile	-
433 MHz	-	CTT LifeTag (sometimes used in Motus)	Mobile	-

External Links:

Motus wildlife tracking system

Northeast Motus Collaboration

LifeTag information

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Medical Micropower Networks (MMNs) in 413-457 MHz

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Related Documents, Links, and Multimedia:

Occupancy Measurements (10)

Band Plan (2)

Other (1)

Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	420 MHz	435 MHz	450 MHz
Wavelength	71.4 cm	68.9 cm	66.6 cm
Band designator(s)	UHF	UHF	UHF
Isotropic collecting area	405.4 cm²	378.0 cm²	353.2 cm²
Free space loss (1 m)	25.2 dB	25.2 dB	25.3 dB
Free space loss (1 km)	85.2 dB	85.2 dB	85.3 dB
Free space loss (10 km)	105.2 dB	105.2 dB	105.3 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	125.2 dB	125.2 dB	125.3 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	145.2 dB	145.2 dB	145.3 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	176.2 dB	176.3 dB	176.4 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	196.7 dB	196.8 dB	196.8 dB