5.484A The use of the bands 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 12.2-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 3, 12.5-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 1, 13.75-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space), 17.8-18.6 GHz (space-to-Earth), 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 27.5-28.6 GHz (Earth-to-space), 29.5-30 GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated.

5.516B The following bands are identified for use by high-density applications in the fixed-satellite service:

17.3-17.7 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,
18.3-19.3 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in Region 2,
19.7-20.2 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in all Regions,
39.5-40 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,
40-40.5 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in all Regions,
40.5-42 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in Region 2,
47.5-47.9 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,
48.2-48.54 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,
49.44-50.2 GHz	(space-to-Earth) in Region 1,
and
27.5-27.82 GHz	(Earth-to-space) in Region 1,
28.35-28.45 GHz	(Earth-to-space) in Region 2,
28.45-28.94 GHz	(Earth-to-space) in all Regions,
28.94-29.1 GHz	(Earth-to-space) in Region 2 and 3,
29.25-29.46 GHz	(Earth-to-space) in Region 2,
29.46-30 GHz	(Earth-to-space) in all Regions,
48.2-50.2 GHz	(Earth-to-space) in Region 2.

This identification does not preclude the use of these bands by other fixed-satellite service applications or by other services to which these bands are allocated on a co-primary basis and does not establish priority in these Regulations among users of the bands. Administrations should take this into account when considering regulatory provisions in relation to these bands. See Resolution 143 (WRC-03).

5.524 Additional allocation: in Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, China, Congo (Rep. of the), Costa Rica, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Gabon, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Chad, Togo and Tunisia, the band 19.7-21.2 GHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis. This additional use shall not impose any limitation on the power flux-density of space stations in the fixed-satellite service in the band 19.7-21.2 GHz and of space stations in the mobile-satellite service in the band 19.7-20.2 GHz where the allocation to the mobile-satellite service is on a primary basis in the latter band. (WRC-07)

5.525 In order to facilitate interregional coordination between networks in the mobile-satellite and fixed-satellite services, carriers in the mobile-satellite service that are most susceptible to interference shall, to the extent practicable, be located in the higher parts of the bands 19.7-20.2 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz.

5.526 In the bands 19.7-20.2 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz in Region 2, and in the bands 20.1-20.2 GHz and 29.9-30 GHz in Regions 1 and 3, networks which are both in the fixed-satellite service and in the mobile-satellite service may include links between earth stations at specified or unspecified points or while in motion, through one or more satellites for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications.

5.527 In the bands 19.7-20.2 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz, the provisions of No. 4.10 do not apply with respect to the mobile-satellite service.

5.528 The allocation to the mobile-satellite service is intended for use by networks which use narrow spot-beam antennas and other advanced technology at the space stations. Administrations operating systems in the mobile-satellite service in the band 19.7-20.1 GHz in Region 2 and in the band 20.1-20.2 GHz shall take all practicable steps to ensure the continued availability of these bands for administrations operating fixed and mobile systems in accordance with the provisions of No. 5.524.

5.529 The use of the bands 19.7-20.1 GHz and 29.5-29.9 GHz by the mobile-satellite service in Region 2 is limited to satellite networks which are both in the fixed-satellite service and in the mobile-satellite service as described in No. 5.526.

Could not find US139

US334 In the band 17.8-20.2 GHz, Federal space stations in both geostationary (GSO) and non-geostationary satellite orbits (NGSO) and associated earth stations in the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) may be authorized on a primary basis. For a Federal geostationary satellite network to operate on a primary basis, the space station shall be located outside the arc, measured from east to west, 70° West longitude to 120° West longitude. Coordination between Federal fixed-satellite systems and non-Federal space and terrestrial systems operating in accordance with the United States Table of Frequency Allocations is required.

(a) In the sub-band 17.8-19.7 GHz, the power flux-density (pfd) at the surface of the Earth produced by emissions from a Federal GSO space station or from a Federal space station in a NGSO constellation of 50 or fewer satellites, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the following values in any 1 MHz band:
- (1) -115 dB(W/m²) for angles of arrival above the horizontal plane (δ) between 0° and 5°,
- (2) -115 + 0.5(δ - 5) dB(W/m²) for δ between 5° and 25°, and
- (3) -105 dB(W/m²) for δ between 25° and 90°.
(b) In the sub-band 17.8-19.3 GHz, the pfd at the surface of the Earth produced by emissions from a Federal space station in an NGSO constellation of 51 or more satellites, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the following values in any 1 MHz band:
- (1) -115 - X dB(W/m²) for δ between 0° and 5°,
- (2) -115 - X + ((10 + X)/20)(δ - 5) dB(W/m²) for δ between 5° and 25°, and
- (3) -105 dB(W/m²) for δ between 25° and 90°; where X is defined as a function of the number of satellites, n, in an NGSO constellation as follows:
  For n ≤ 288, X = (5/119) (n - 50) dB; and
  For n > 288, X = (1/69) (n + 402) dB.

G117 In the bands 7.25-7.75 GHz, 7.9-8.4 GHz, 17.3-17.7 GHz, 17.8-21.2 GHz, 30-31 GHz, 33-36 GHz, 39.5-41 GHz, 43.5-45.5 GHz and 50.4-51.4 GHz, the Federal fixed-satellite and mobile-satellite services are limited to military systems.

SpectrumWiki

WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.16, Non-GSO FSS earth stations in motion

"to study and develop technical, operational and regulatory measures, as appropriate, to facilitate the use of the frequency bands 17.7-18.6 GHz and 18.8-19.3 GHz and 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz (Earth-to-space) by non-GSO FSS earth stations in motion, while ensuring due protection of existing services in those frequency bands, in accordance with Resolution 173 (WRC-19);"

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
17.7 - 18.6 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (S2E)	Fixed-satellite	-
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (S2E)	Fixed-satellite	-
19.7 - 20.2 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (S2E)	Fixed-satellite	-
27.5 - 29.1 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (E2S)	Fixed-satellite	-
29.5 - 30 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (E2S)	Fixed-satellite	-

External Links:

WRC-23 Agenda

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Iridium

Iridium is a mobile-satellite service (MSS) system that was first licensed by the FCC in 1995, and began commercial service in 1998.

Iridium utilizes an FDMA/TDMA Time Division Duplex (TDD) access technology, so that the same frequency band is used for both the user uplink and downlink transmissions, on a time-shared basis. It shares a portion of its spectrum (1617.775-1618.725 MHz) with Globalstar, which has mobile uplinks to its own MSS system in the 1610-1618.725 MHz band.

Each Iridium user uplink/downlink channel has a bandwidth of 31.5 kHz and is separated in frequency by 41.67 kHz to allow for Doppler shift. A single Iridium TDMA frame is 90 ms long, which begins with 22.48 ms guard time, followed by four user uplink and four user donwlink time slots (8.28 ms burst time each, separated by small guard times).

A good discussion of the Iridium system architecture, constellation design, and multi-access scheme can be found in chapter 2 of the thesis by Abdul Jabbar (link below).

In February 2013, Iridium was granted authority by the FCC to provide aeronautical mobile-satellite (route) service (AMS(R)S) in the 1618.725-1626.5 MHz portion of its spectrum, limited to oceanic, polar, and remote regions. According to the FCC, "for purposes of this authorization, we consider oceanic regions to be those beyond 12 nautical miles from the baselines of the coastal states." Authorization for remote areas of other territories is contingent upon completing the agreement-seeking process under 5.367 of the ITU Radio Regulations.

At the end of 2012, Iridium reported approximately 368,000 subscribers. The company plans to launch a new generation of satellites, Iridium Next, beginning in 2015.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1617.775 - 1626.5 MHz	Iridium (user terminal uplinks and downlinks)	Mobile-satellite	N
1618.725 - 1626.5 MHz	Iridium AMS(R)S	ARMR	N
19.1 - 19.6 GHz	Iridium satellite gateway downlinks	Fixed-satellite	N
22.55 - 23.55 GHz	Iridium inter-satellite links	Inter-satellite	N
29.1 - 29.3 GHz	Iridium gateway uplinks	Fixed-satellite	N

External Links:

FCC Grant of Authority for Iridium AMS(R)S Service (MO&O, DA 13-141)

Multi-Link Iridium Satellite Data Communication System (Master's Thesis of Mohammad Abdul Jabbar)

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ViaSat-1 Ka-band Satellite

ViaSat uses this spectrum for its Ka-band direct-to-consumer broadband Internet service, under the trade name "exede." The ViaSat-1 satellite was launched from Baikonur on October 19th, 2011, and entered commercial service on January 16th, 2012.

The satellite downlinks and uplinks use both right- and left-hand circular polarizations from a geostationary orbit at 115.1 deg west longitude.

ViaSat-1 has 72 user beams, of which 63 serve the U.S. Nine beams serve Canada.

User terminals utilize a dish of 0.695 m (about 27") maximum diameter, and will uplink using carriers between 625 kHz and 10 MHz wide using max EIRP between 47.2-50.3 dBW. The antennas have transmit gain of about 44 dBi, and receive gain of about 40 dBi. ViaSat is authorized for up to 250,000 such terminals in the continental U.S., operating under the callsign E120026.

The satellite downlink bandwidth is between 52-416 MHz.

As of March 2013, ViaSat claimed 512,000 customers. They have also announced plans for the ViaSat-2 satellite, to be launched in mid-2016, which will have 2.5 times the capacity of ViaSat-1, and will have a single beam that covers the continental U.S., Mexico, most of Canada, portions of Central America and the Caribbean, and the North Atlantic over to the western edge of Europe.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
18.3 - 18.8 GHz	ViaSat-1 downlink	Fixed-satellite	N
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	ViaSat-1 downlink	Fixed-satellite	N
19.7 - 20.2 GHz	ViaSat-1 downlink	Fixed-satellite	N
28.1 - 28.6 GHz	ViaSat-1 uplink	Fixed-satellite	N
28.6 - 29.1 GHz	ViaSat-1 uplink	Fixed-satellite	N
29.5 - 30 GHz	ViaSat-1 uplink	Fixed-satellite	N

External Links:

Beam coverage and other information for ViaSat-1 (satbeams.com)

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Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) System

The Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) System provides fixed site satellite service at X-band and Ka-band from geosynchronous earth orbit in support of US military operations worldwide.

As of April 2013, four WGS satellites are in orbit, a fifth is scheduled for launch in 2013, a sixth has completed testing, and four more are being built.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
7250 - 7750 MHz	X-band downlink	Fixed-satellite	F
7900 - 8400 MHz	X-band uplink	Fixed-satellite	F
20.2 - 21.2 GHz	Ka-band downlink	Fixed-satellite	-
30 - 31 GHz	Ka-band uplink	Fixed-satellite	-

External Links:

WGS Article on Wikipedia

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Hughes Network Systems EchoStar XVII (Jupiter-1)

Hughes is authorized to construct, launch, and operate the EchoStar XVII (aka Jupiter-1) Ka-band GSO satellite at 107.1 deg west longitude, under FCC call sign S2753.

Jupiter-1 will be used to provide new high-speed satellite-based Internet service, which improves over slower Ku-band satellite Internet services. In the U.S., Hughes' Jupiter service will compete with Viasat's Exede service, also operating in the Ka band.

Hughes was granted a waiver to allow GSO FSS operations in the 18.8-19.3 GHz band (space-to-Earth) on a non-conforming basis. It must not interfere with non-GSO non-federal FSS or federal GSO and non-GSO operations in this band.

Hughes' authorization was granted by the FCC on June 12, 2012.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
18.3 - 18.8 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (space-to-Earth)	Fixed-satellite	N
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (space-to-Earth) (non-interference basis)	Fixed-satellite	N
19.7 - 20.2 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (space-to-Earth)	Fixed-satellite	N
28.35 - 28.6 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite	N
28.6 - 29.1 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space) (secondary basis)	Fixed-satellite	N
29.25 - 29.5 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite	N
29.5 - 30 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite	N

External Links:

Hughes EchoStar XVII FCC Grant

Hughes EchoStar XVII License Application

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Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave

These bands are permitted for use by common carrier fixed point-to-point microwave systems under Part 101, Subparts C & I of the FCC rules.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2450 - 2500 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave	Fixed	N
3700 - 4200 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
5925 - 6425 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 30 MHz)	Fixed	N
6425 - 6525 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 25 MHz)	Fixed	N
6525 - 6875 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 30 MHz)	Fixed	N
10.55 - 10.68 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave	Fixed	N
10.7 - 11.7 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 40 MHz)	Fixed	N
13.2 - 13.25 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 25 MHz)	Fixed	N
17.7 - 18.58 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 220 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.58 - 18.82 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.82 - 18.92 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 10 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.92 - 19.16 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
19.16 - 19.26 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 10 MHz)	Fixed	N
19.26 - 19.7 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 220 MHz)	Fixed	N
21.2 - 23.6 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 50 MHz)	Fixed	N

External Links:

FCC NPRM and NOI on Backhaul (FCC 10-146)

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Mobile User Objective System (MUOS)

According to the U.S. Navy:

Mobile User Object System (MUOS) is a narrowband Military Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM) system that supports a worldwide, multi-Service population of mobile and fixed-site terminal users in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band, providing increased communications capabilities to smaller terminals while still supporting interoperability to legacy terminals.

MUOS adapts a commercial third generation Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) cellular phone network architecture and combines it with geosynchronous satellites (in place of cell towers) to provide a new and more capable UHF MILSATCOM system. The constellation of four operational satellites and ground network control will provide greater than 10 times the system capacity of the current UHF Follow-On (UFO) constellation.

The first MUOS satellite was launched February 24th, 2012, and began operations in August 2012. The MUOS constellation will eventually be comprised of four GSO satellites and one in-orbit spare. The operational satellites will be located at 177 deg W (Pacific), 100 deg W (CONUS), 15.5 deg W (Atlantic), and 75 deg E (Indian). The spare satellite will be parked at 72 deg E.

The satellites transmit 9.8 W of power into a 14 m dish. The service links are comprised of four 5 MHz-wide SA-WCDMA channels occupying the 20 MHz wide UHF uplink and downlink bands.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
300 - 320 MHz	MUOS service uplink	Mobile-satellite	F
360 - 380 MHz	MUOS service downlink	Mobile-satellite	F
20.2 - 21.2 GHz	MUOS feeder downlink	Fixed-satellite	F
30 - 31 GHz	MUOS feeder uplink	Fixed-satellite	F

External Links:

"The Mobile User Objective System" (Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab Technical Digest)

MUOS (Wikipedia)

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Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) Military Satellite System

Other 3 billion (03b) Networks

O3b is a planned satellite system that will help provide broadband service to the world's "other 3 billion" people, generally in the equatorial region, that do not otherwise have good access.

O3b consists of 12 satellites in equatorial medium Earth orbit (MEO) at 8,062 km altitude. The satellites will be able to provide optimal service to +/-45 deg latitude, with limited service to +/-45-62 deg. Therefore, O3b will be able to provide services outside the equatorial regions, including in developed countries, although its main target area is developing countries. MEO was chosen to reduce the latency (round trip travel time) of the data connection, compared to the much larger distance/travel time to geostationary orbit and back.

The satellites will provide broadband service to "Tier 1" customers such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and "Tier 2" customers including cellular backhaul and VSAT network services. Because the satellites are not in geostationary orbits, customers will have to use tracking antennas to communicate with the satellites.

Each satellite provides service using ten 216 MHz channels.

O3b will operate in the fixed-satellite service, although FSS allocations do not exist throughout the anticipated frequency range.

O3b is based in Jersey, Channel Islands, and is therefore governed by Ofcom, the U.K. telecommunications regulatory authority. Its network operations center is in Virginia (USA), and its satellite operations center will be in Luxembourg. Multiple ground stations will operate around the globe.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
17.8 - 18.6 GHz	O3b Networks service and gateway downlinks	Fixed-satellite	N
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	O3b Networks service, gateway, and TT&C downlinks	Fixed-satellite	N
27.6 - 28.4 GHz	O3b Networks service and gateway uplinks	Fixed-satellite	N
28.6 - 29.1 GHz	O3b Networks service, gateway, and TT&C uplinks	Fixed-satellite	N

External Links:

O3b Networks presentation at SSPI Spectrum Day

O3b Limited U.S. Market Access Application

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2019 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) Agenda Item 1.5

1.5 to consider the use of the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-space) by earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service and take appropriate action, in accordance with Resolution 158 [COM6/17] (WRC-15);

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
17.7 - 19.7 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite	-
27.5 - 29.5 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-

External Links:

WRC-19 (International Telecommunication Union)

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WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5

"to consider the use of the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-space) by earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service and take appropriate action, in accordance with Resolution COM6/17 (WRC 15)"

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
17.7 - 19.7 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite	-
27.5 - 29.5 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite	-

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Related Documents, Links, and Multimedia:

Legislation (1)

Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	18.8 GHz	19.5 GHz	20.2 GHz
Wavelength	1.6 cm	1.5 cm	1.5 cm
Band designator(s)	SHF; K-band (IEEE)	SHF; K-band (IEEE)	SHF; K-band (IEEE)
Isotropic collecting area	0.2 cm²	0.2 cm²	0.2 cm²
Free space loss (1 m)	58.3 dB	58.3 dB	58.5 dB
Free space loss (1 km)	118.3 dB	118.3 dB	118.5 dB
Free space loss (10 km)	138.3 dB	138.3 dB	138.5 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	158.3 dB	158.3 dB	158.5 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	178.3 dB	178.3 dB	178.5 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	209.4 dB	209.3 dB	209.6 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	229.9 dB	229.8 dB	230.1 dB