5.341 In the bands 1400-1727 MHz, 101-120 GHz and 197-220 GHz, passive research is being conducted by some countries in a programme for the search for intentional emissions of extraterrestrial origin.

5.351 The bands 1525-1544 MHz, 1545-1559 MHz, 1626.5-1645.5 MHz and 1646.5-1660.5 MHz shall not be used for feeder links of any service. In exceptional circumstances, however, an earth station at a specified fixed point in any of the mobile-satellite services may be authorized by an administration to communicate via space stations using these bands.

5.351A For the use of the bands 1518-1544 MHz, 1545-1559 MHz, 1610-1645.5 MHz, 1646.5 1660.5 MHz, 1668-1675 MHz, 1980-2010 MHz, 2170-2200 MHz, 2483.5-2520 MHz and 2670 2690 MHz by the mobile-satellite service, see Resolutions 212 (Rev.WRC-07) and 225 (Rev.WRC 07). (WRC-07)

5.353A In applying the procedures of Section II of Article 9 to the mobile-satellite service in the bands 1530-1544 MHz and 1626.5-1645.5 MHz, priority shall be given to accommodating the spectrum requirements for distress, urgency and safety communications of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). Maritime mobile-satellite distress, urgency and safety communications shall have priority access and immediate availability over all other mobile satellite communications operating within a network. Mobile-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference to, or claim protection from, distress, urgency and safety communications of the GMDSS. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the other mobile-satellite services. (The provisions of Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07) shall apply.) (FCC)

5.354 The use of the bands 1525-1559 MHz and 1626.5-1660.5 MHz by the mobile-satellite services is subject to coordination under No. 9.11A.

5.355 Additional allocation: in Bahrain, Bangladesh, Congo (Rep. of the), Egypt, Eritrea, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malta, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Somalia, Sudan, Chad, Togo and Yemen, the bands 1540-1559 MHz, 1610-1645.5 MHz and 1646.5-1660 MHz are also allocated to the fixed service on a secondary basis.

5.357A In applying the procedures of Section II of Article 9 to the mobile-satellite service in the bands 1545-1555 MHz and 1646.5-1656.5 MHz, priority shall be given to accommodating the spectrum requirements of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service providing transmission of messages with priority 1 to 6 in Article 44. Aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service communications with priority 1 to 6 in Article 44 shall have priority access and immediate availability, by pre-emption if necessary, over all other mobile-satellite communications operating within a network. Mobile-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference to, or claim protection from, aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service communications with priority 1 to 6 in Article 44. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the other mobile-satellite services. (The provisions of Resolution 222 (Rev.WRC-07) shall apply.) (FCC)

5.359 Additional allocation: in Germany, Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Benin, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Spain, the Russian Federation, France, Gabon, Georgia, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mauritania, Moldova, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Poland, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, Romania, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the bands 1550-1559 MHz, 1610-1645.5 MHz and 1646.5 1660 MHz are also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. Administrations are urged to make all practicable efforts to avoid the implementation of new fixed-service stations in these bands. (WRC-07)

5.362A In the United States, in the bands 1555-1559 MHz and 1656.5-1660.5 MHz, the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service shall have priority access and immediate availability, by pre-emption if necessary, over all other mobile-satellite communications operating within a network. Mobile-satellite systems shall not cause unacceptable interference to, or claim protection from, aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service communications with priority 1 to 6 in Article 44. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the other mobile-satellite services.

5.374 Mobile earth stations in the mobile-satellite service operating in the bands 1631.5-1634.5 MHz and 1656.5-1660 MHz shall not cause harmful interference to stations in the fixed service operating in the countries listed in No. 5.359.

5.375 The use of the band 1645.5-1646.5 MHz by the mobile-satellite service (Earth-to-space) and for inter-satellite links is limited to distress and safety communications (see Article 31).

5.376 Transmissions in the band 1646.5-1656.5 MHz from aircraft stations in the aeronautical mobile (R) service directly to terrestrial aeronautical stations, or between aircraft stations, are also authorized when such transmissions are used to extend or supplement the aircraft-to-satellite links.

US308 In the bands 1549.5-1558.5 MHz and 1651-1660 MHz, those requirements of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service that cannot be accommodated in the bands 1545-1549.5 MHz, 1558.5-1559 MHz, 1646.5-1651 MHz and 1660-1660.5 MHz shall have priority access with real-time preemptive capability for communications in the mobile-satellite service. Systems not interoperable with the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service shall operate on a secondary basis. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the mobile-satellite service.

US309 In the bands 1545-1559 MHz, transmissions from terrestrial aeronautical stations directly to aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in the aeronautical mobile (R) service are also authorized when such transmissions are used to extend or supplement the satellite-to-aircraft links. In the band 1646.5-1660.5 MHz, transmissions from aircraft stations in the aeronautical mobile (R) service directly to terrestrial aeronautical stations, or between aircraft stations, are also authorized when such transmissions are used to extend or supplement the aircraft-to-satellite links.

US315 In the bands 1530-1544 MHz and 1626.5-1645.5 MHz, maritime mobile-satellite distress and safety communications, e.g., GMDSS, shall have priority access with real-time preemptive capability in the mobile-satellite service. Communications of mobile-satellite system stations not participating in the GMDSS shall operate on a secondary basis to distress and safety communications of stations operating in the GMDSS. Account shall be taken of the priority of safety-related communications in the mobile-satellite service.

US380 In the bands 1525-1544 MHz, 1545-1559 MHz, 1610-1645.5 MHz, 1646.5-1660.5 MHz, and 2483.5-2500 MHz, a non-Federal licensee in the mobile-satellite service (MSS) may also operate an ancillary terrestrial component in conjunction with its MSS network, subject to the Commission’s rules for ancillary terrestrial components and subject to all applicable conditions and provisions of its MSS authorization.

SpectrumWiki

Iridium

Iridium is a mobile-satellite service (MSS) system that was first licensed by the FCC in 1995, and began commercial service in 1998.

Iridium utilizes an FDMA/TDMA Time Division Duplex (TDD) access technology, so that the same frequency band is used for both the user uplink and downlink transmissions, on a time-shared basis. It shares a portion of its spectrum (1617.775-1618.725 MHz) with Globalstar, which has mobile uplinks to its own MSS system in the 1610-1618.725 MHz band.

Each Iridium user uplink/downlink channel has a bandwidth of 31.5 kHz and is separated in frequency by 41.67 kHz to allow for Doppler shift. A single Iridium TDMA frame is 90 ms long, which begins with 22.48 ms guard time, followed by four user uplink and four user donwlink time slots (8.28 ms burst time each, separated by small guard times).

A good discussion of the Iridium system architecture, constellation design, and multi-access scheme can be found in chapter 2 of the thesis by Abdul Jabbar (link below).

In February 2013, Iridium was granted authority by the FCC to provide aeronautical mobile-satellite (route) service (AMS(R)S) in the 1618.725-1626.5 MHz portion of its spectrum, limited to oceanic, polar, and remote regions. According to the FCC, "for purposes of this authorization, we consider oceanic regions to be those beyond 12 nautical miles from the baselines of the coastal states." Authorization for remote areas of other territories is contingent upon completing the agreement-seeking process under 5.367 of the ITU Radio Regulations.

At the end of 2012, Iridium reported approximately 368,000 subscribers. The company plans to launch a new generation of satellites, Iridium Next, beginning in 2015.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1617.775 - 1626.5 MHz	Iridium (user terminal uplinks and downlinks)	Mobile-satellite	N
1618.725 - 1626.5 MHz	Iridium AMS(R)S	ARMR	N
19.1 - 19.6 GHz	Iridium satellite gateway downlinks	Fixed-satellite	N
22.55 - 23.55 GHz	Iridium inter-satellite links	Inter-satellite	N
29.1 - 29.3 GHz	Iridium gateway uplinks	Fixed-satellite	N

External Links:

FCC Grant of Authority for Iridium AMS(R)S Service (MO&O, DA 13-141)

Multi-Link Iridium Satellite Data Communication System (Master's Thesis of Mohammad Abdul Jabbar)

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Ligado Networks

Ligado Networks, formerly LightSquared, formerly Mobile Satellite Ventures (MSV), operates space- and ground-based wireless services. The space services were originally provided using the MSAT-1 and MSAT-2 satellites in geostationary orbit, but now uses the Skyterra-1 satellite, also in GSO at the 101 deg W orbital slot. A second satellite, Skyterra-2, was planned, but is on hold due to the earlier LightSquared bankruptcy.

MSAT-1 was launched in 1996 operated by U.S. and Canadian companies, while MSAT-2, also referred to as AMSC-1 (for American Mobile Satellite Consortium), was launched in 1995 and operated by American companies. MSAT-1 was located at 106.5 W, and MSAT-2 was located at 101 W.

LightSquared originally desired to supplement its mobile-satellite service with an Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC) network comprised of up to 40,000 base stations in their 1525-1559 MHz band. However, concern over interference to the embedded base of GPS receivers operating just above 1559 MHz scuttled that idea after it had already been approved by the FCC. Lawsuits and bankruptcy soon followed. In 2016, Ligado filed a plan with the FCC, agreeing to move its ATC operations to the lower part of the band at

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1530 - 1544 MHz	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (space-to-Earth)	Mobile-satellite	N
1545 - 1559 MHz	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (space-to-Earth)	Mobile-satellite	N
1631.5 - 1645.5 MHz	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (Earth-to-space)	Mobile-satellite	N
1646.5 - 1660.5 MHz	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (Earth-to-space)	Mobile-satellite	N
13 - 13.15 GHz	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite Feeder Links (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite	N
13.2 - 13.25 GHz	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite Feeder Links (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite	N

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
11.7005 GHz	-	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (space-to-Earth)	Fixed-satellite	N
11.701 GHz	-	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (space-to-Earth)	Fixed-satellite	N
14.005 GHz	-	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite	N
14.4995 GHz	-	LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite	N

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Standard LTE Bands

The following bands have been defined by 3GPP as standard LTE bands for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD, where mobile and base stations transmit in separate bands) and Time Division Duplex (TDD, where mobiles and bases transmit and receive on the same frequency). These bands are defined in 3GPP TS 36.101 (link below).

Note that bands 15 & 16 and 30-32 are not defined, and the FDD band 29 is used for downlink-only for carrier aggregation, so it has no corresponding uplink band.

Uplinks refer to the frequencies used for handsets and other user devices to transmit to the base station, and downlinks refer to frequencies used by base stations to transmit to the user devices.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
452.5 - 457.5 MHz	LTE band 31 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
462.5 - 467.5 MHz	LTE band 31 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
699 - 716 MHz	LTE band 12 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
729 - 746 MHz	LTE band 12 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
703 - 748 MHz	LTE band 28 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
758 - 803 MHz	LTE band 28 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
704 - 716 MHz	LTE band 17 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
734 - 746 MHz	LTE band 17 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
746 - 756 MHz	LTE band 13 FDD downink	Mobile	-
777 - 787 MHz	LTE band 13 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
758 - 768 MHz	LTE band 14 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
788 - 798 MHz	LTE band 14 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
807 - 824 MHz	LTE band 27 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
852 - 869 MHz	LTE band 27 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
814 - 849 MHz	LTE band 26 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
859 - 894 MHz	LTE band 26 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
815 - 830 MHz	LTE band 18 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
860 - 875 MHz	LTE band 18 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
824 - 849 MHz	LTE band 5 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
869 - 894 MHz	LTE band 5 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
830 - 840 MHz	LTE band 6 FDD uplink ("band 6 is not applicable" according to the standard)	Mobile	-
875 - 885 MHz	LTE band 6 FDD downlink ("band 6 is not applicable" according to the standard)	Mobile	-
830 - 845 MHz	LTE band 19 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
875 - 890 MHz	LTE band 19 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
791 - 821 MHz	LTE band 20 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
832 - 862 MHz	LTE band 20 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
880 - 915 MHz	LTE band 8 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
925 - 960 MHz	LTE band 8 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1427.9 - 1447.9 MHz	LTE band 11 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1475.9 - 1495.9 MHz	LTE band 11 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1447.9 - 1462.9 MHz	LTE band 21 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1495.9 - 1510.9 MHz	LTE band 21 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1525 - 1559 MHz	LTE band 24 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1626.5 - 1660.5 MHz	LTE band 24 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1710 - 1755 MHz	LTE band 4 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2110 - 2155 MHz	LTE band 4 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1710 - 1785 MHz	LTE band 3 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1805 - 1880 MHz	LTE band 3 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1710 - 1770 MHz	LTE band 10 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2110 - 2170 MHz	LTE band 10 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz	LTE band 9 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz	LTE band 9 FDD downlink	-	-
1850 - 1910 MHz	LTE band 2 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1930 - 1990 MHz	LTE band 2 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1850 - 1915 MHz	LTE band 25 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
1930 - 1995 MHz	LTE band 25 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
1920 - 1980 MHz	LTE band 1 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2110 - 2170 MHz	LTE band 1 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
2000 - 2020 MHz	LTE band 23 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2180 - 2200 MHz	LTE band 23 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
2305 - 2315 MHz	LTE band 30 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2350 - 2360 MHz	LTE band 30 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
2500 - 2570 MHz	LTE band 7 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
2620 - 2690 MHz	LTE band 7 FDD downlink	Mobile	-
3410 - 3490 MHz	LTE band 22 FDD uplink	Mobile	-
3510 - 3590 MHz	LTE band 22 FDD downlink	Mobile	-

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
703 - 803 MHz	LTE band 44 TDD	Mobile	-
717 - 728 MHz	LTE band 29 FDD unpaired downlink (carrier aggregation use only)	Mobile	-
1850 - 1910 MHz	LTE band 35 TDD	Mobile	-
1880 - 1920 MHz	LTE band 39 TDD	Mobile	-
1900 - 1920 MHz	LTE band 33 TDD	Mobile	-
1910 - 1930 MHz	LTE band 37 TDD	Mobile	-
1930 - 1990 MHz	LTE band 36 TDD	Mobile	-
2010 - 2025 MHz	LTE band 34 TDD	Mobile	-
2300 - 2400 MHz	LTE band 40 TDD	Mobile	-
2496 - 2690 MHz	LTE band 41 TDD	Mobile	-
2570 - 2620 MHz	LTE band 38 TDD	Mobile	-
3400 - 3600 MHz	LTE band 42 TDD	Mobile	-
3600 - 3800 MHz	LTE band 43 TDD	Mobile	-

External Links:

3GPP TS 36.101 specification

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Inmarsat

The Inmarsat system uses 1525-1559 MHz for the downlink, and 1626.5-1660.5 MHz for the uplink (2x34 MHz). The sub-band 1544-1545/1645.5-1646.5 MHz is reserved for safety & distress communications.

Inmarsat consists of three satellites in geostationary orbit that provide coverage over most of the Earth, excluding the polar regions. Inmarsat is used for a wide variety of purposes, including voice and data services to ships, in-flight telephone service to airplanes when over the oceans, and voice/data services through the "Broadband Global Access Network" (BGAN), using laptop-sized satellite terminals.

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
1525 - 1559 MHz	Inmarsat downlink	Mobile-satellite	-
1626.5 - 1660.5 MHz	Inmarsat uplink	Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-

External Links:

Inmarsat (Wikipedia)

FCC Inmarsat list

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WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links

WRC-27 agenda item 1.11:

to consider the technical and operational issues, and regulatory provisions, for space-to-space links among non-geostationary and geostationary satellites in the frequency bands 1 518-1 544 MHz,
1 545-1 559 MHz, 1 610-1 645.5 MHz, 1 646.5-1 660 MHz, 1 670-1 675 MHz and 2 483.5-2 500 MHz allocated to the mobile-satellite service, in accordance with Resolution 249 (Rev.WRC-23)

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1518 - 1544 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1545 - 1559 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1610 - 1645.5 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1646.5 - 1660 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
1670 - 1675 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-
2483.5 - 2500 MHz	WRC-27 consideration of MSS space-to-space links	Mobile-satellite	-

External Links:

WRC-27 agenda (see Annex 1)

Resolution 249 (WRC-23)

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WRC-27 possible allocations for low-data rate NGSO MSS systems

WRC-27 agenda item 1.12:

to consider, based on the results of studies, possible allocations to the mobile-satellite service and possible regulatory actions in the frequency bands 1 427-1 432 MHz (space-to-Earth), 1 645.5-1 646.5 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space), 1 880-1 920 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space) and 2 010-2 025 MHz (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space) required for the future development of low-datarate non-geostationary mobile-satellite systems, in accordance with Resolution 252 (WRC-23)

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1427 - 1432 MHz	WRC-27 possible allocations for low-data rate NGSO MSS systems	Mobile-satellite	-
1645.5 - 1646.5 MHz	WRC-27 possible allocations for low-data rate NGSO MSS systems	Mobile-satellite	-
1880 - 1920 MHz	WRC-27 possible allocations for low-data rate NGSO MSS systems	Mobile-satellite	-
2010 - 2025 MHz	WRC-27 possible allocations for low-data rate NGSO MSS systems	Mobile-satellite	-

External Links:

Resolution 252 (WRC-23)

WRC-27 agenda (see annex 1)

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Occupancy Measurements (10)

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The Very Large Array Radio Telescope

Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	1626.5 MHz	1643.25 MHz	1660 MHz
Wavelength	18.4 cm	18.2 cm	18.1 cm
Band designator(s)	UHF; L-band (IEEE)	UHF; L-band (IEEE)	UHF; L-band (IEEE)
Isotropic collecting area	27.0 cm²	26.5 cm²	26.0 cm²
Free space loss (1 m)	36.7 dB	36.8 dB	36.9 dB
Free space loss (1 km)	96.7 dB	96.8 dB	96.9 dB
Free space loss (10 km)	116.7 dB	116.8 dB	116.9 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	136.7 dB	136.8 dB	136.9 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	156.7 dB	156.8 dB	156.9 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	187.7 dB	187.8 dB	187.9 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	208.2 dB	208.3 dB	208.4 dB