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BeiDou (Compass) Navigation Satellite System (China)
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According to the China Satellite Navigation Office:
BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is called BeiDou System for short, with the abbreviation as BDS. When fully deployed, the space constellation of BDS consists of five Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, twenty-seven Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites and three Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) satellites. The GEO satellites are operating in orbit at an altitude of 35,786 kilometers and positioned at 58.75°E, 80°E, 110.5°E, 140°E and 160°E respectively. The MEO satellites are operating in orbit at an altitude of 21,528 kilometers and an inclination of 55° to the equatorial plane. The IGSO satellites are operating in orbit at an altitude of 35,786 kilometers and an inclination of 55° to the equatorial plane.
By the end of 2012, there are five GEO, four MEO and five IGSO BeiDou navigation satellites in orbit.
The signal is QPSK-modulated CDMA, RHCP, with a minimum power level on the ground of -163 dBW at the output of a 0 dBi RHCP receive antenna. The 1 and 3 dB bandwidths are 4.092 and 16 MHz, respectively, centered at 1561.098 MHz.
BeiDou is also known by its English translation, Compass.
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Frequencies |
Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
1561.098 MHz | 16 MHz | BeiDou navigation satellites | Radionavigation-satellite (space-to-Earth) | - |
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Ligado Networks
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Ligado Networks, formerly LightSquared, formerly Mobile Satellite Ventures (MSV), operates space- and ground-based wireless services. The space services were originally provided using the MSAT-1 and MSAT-2 satellites in geostationary orbit, but now uses the Skyterra-1 satellite, also in GSO at the 101 deg W orbital slot. A second satellite, Skyterra-2, was planned, but is on hold due to the earlier LightSquared bankruptcy.
MSAT-1 was launched in 1996 operated by U.S. and Canadian companies, while MSAT-2, also referred to as AMSC-1 (for American Mobile Satellite Consortium), was launched in 1995 and operated by American companies. MSAT-1 was located at 106.5 W, and MSAT-2 was located at 101 W.
LightSquared originally desired to supplement its mobile-satellite service with an Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC) network comprised of up to 40,000 base stations in their 1525-1559 MHz band. However, concern over interference to the embedded base of GPS receivers operating just above 1559 MHz scuttled that idea after it had already been approved by the FCC. Lawsuits and bankruptcy soon followed. In 2016, Ligado filed a plan with the FCC, agreeing to move its ATC operations to the lower part of the band at
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Frequency Bands |
Band | Use | Service | Table |
1530 - 1544 MHz | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (space-to-Earth) | Mobile-satellite | N |
1545 - 1559 MHz | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (space-to-Earth) | Mobile-satellite | N |
1631.5 - 1645.5 MHz | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (Earth-to-space) | Mobile-satellite | N |
1646.5 - 1660.5 MHz | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite (Earth-to-space) | Mobile-satellite | N |
13 - 13.15 GHz | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite Feeder Links (Earth-to-space) | Fixed-satellite | N |
13.2 - 13.25 GHz | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite Feeder Links (Earth-to-space) | Fixed-satellite | N |
Frequencies |
Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
11.7005 GHz | - | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (space-to-Earth) | Fixed-satellite | N |
11.701 GHz | - | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (space-to-Earth) | Fixed-satellite | N |
14.005 GHz | - | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (Earth-to-space) | Fixed-satellite | N |
14.4995 GHz | - | LightSquared MSAT-2 Satellite TT&C (Earth-to-space) | Fixed-satellite | N |
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