13360-13410 kHz,	22.81-22.86 GHz,
25550-25670 kHz,	23.07-23.12 GHz,
37.5-38.25 MHz,	31.2-31.3 GHz,
73-74.6 MHz	31.5-31.8 GHz
in Regions 1 and 3,	in Regions 1 and 3,
150.05-153 MHz	36.43-36.5 GHz,
in Region 1,	42.5-43.5 GHz,
322-328.6 MHz,	48.94-49.04 GHz,
406.1-410 MHz,	76-86 GHz,
608-614 MHz in	92-94 GHz,
Regions 1 and 3,	94.1-100 GHz,
1330-1400 MHz,	102-109.5 GHz,
1610.6-1613.8 MHz,	111.8-114.25 GHz,
1660-1670 MHz,	128.33-128.59 GHz,
1718.8-1722.2 MHz,	129.23-129.49 GHz,
2655-2690 MHz,	130-134 GHz,
3260-3267 MHz,	136-148.5 GHz,
3332-3339 MHz,	151.5-158.5 GHz,
3345.8-3352.5 MHz,	168.59-168.93 GHz,
4825-4835 MHz,	171.11-171.45 GHz,
4950-4990 MHz,	172.31-172.65 GHz,
4990-5000 MHz,	173.52-173.85 GHz,
6650-6675.2 MHz,	195.75-196.15 GHz,
10.6-10.68 GHz,	209-226 GHz,
14.47-14.5 GHz,	241-250 GHz,
22.01-22.21 GHz,	252-275 GHz
22.21-22.5 GHz,

are allocated, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference. Emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service (see Nos. 4.5 and 4.6 and Article 29). (WRC-07)

5.334 Additional allocation: in Canada and the United States, the band 1350-1370 MHz is also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis.

5.338 In Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia, the Czech Rep. and Turkmenistan, existing installations of the radionavigation service may continue to operate in the band 1350-1400 MHz. (WRC-07)

5.338A In the bands 1350-1400 MHz, 1427-1452 MHz, 22.55-23.55 GHz, 30-31.3 GHz, 49.7-50.2 GHz, 50.4-50.9 GHz and 51.4-52.6 GHz, Resolution 750 (WRC-07) applies. (WRC-07)

5.339 The bands 1370-1400 MHz, 2640-2655 MHz, 4950-4990 MHz and 15.20-15.35 GHz are also allocated to the space research (passive) and Earth exploration-satellite (passive) services on a secondary basis.

US342 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the bands:

13360-13410 kHz	42.77-42.87 GHz*
25550-25670 kHz	43.07-43.17 GHz*
37.5-38.25 MHz	43.37-43.47 GHz*
322-328.6 MHz*	48.94-49.04 GHz*
1330-1400 MHz*	76-86 GHz
1610.6-1613.8 MHz*	92-94 GHz
1660-1660.5 MHz*	94.1-100 GHz
1668.4-1670 MHz*	102-109.5 GHz
3260-3267 MHz*	111.8-114.25 GHz
3332-3339 MHz*	128.33-128.59 GHz*
3345.8-3352.5 MHz*	129.23-129.49 GHz*
4825-4835 MHz*	130-134 GHz
4950-4990 MHz	136-148.5 GHz
6650-6675.2 MHz*	151.5-158.5 GHz
14.47-14.5 GHz*	168.59-168.93 GHz*
22.01-22.21 GHz*	171.11-171.45 GHz*
22.21-22.5 GHz	172.31-172.65 GHz*
22.81-22.86 GHz*	173.52-173.85 GHz*
23.07-23.12 GHz*	195.75-196.15 GHz*
31.2-31.3 GHz	209-226 GHz
36.43-36.5 GHz*	241-250 GHz
42.5-43.5 GHz	252-275 GHz

are allocated (*indicates radio astronomy use for spectral line observations), all practicable steps shall be taken to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference. Emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service (see ITU Radio Regulations at Nos. 4.5 and 4.6 and Article 29).

US385 Radio astronomy observations may be made in the bands 1350-1400 MHz, 1718.8-1722.2 MHz, and 4950-4990 MHz on an unprotected basis, and in the band 2655-2690 MHz on a secondary basis, at the following radio astronomy observatories:

Allen Telescope Array, Hat Creek, CA	Rectangle between latitudes 40° 00' N and 42° 00' N and between longitudes 120° 15' W and 122° 15' W.
NASA Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex, Goldstone, CA	80 kilometers (50 mile) radius centered on 35° 20' N, 116° 53' W.
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo, PR	Rectangle between latitudes 17° 30' N and 19° 00' N and between longitudes 65° 10' W and 68° 00' W.
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM	Rectangle between latitudes 32° 30' N and 35° 30' N and between longitudes 106° 00' W and 109° 00' W.
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, WV	Rectangle between latitudes 37° 30' N and 39° 15' N and between longitudes 78° 30' W and 80° 30' W.
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Very Long Baseline Array Stations	80 kilometer radius centered on:
	North latitude	West longitude
Brewster, WA	48° 08'	119° 41'
Fort Davis, TX	30° 38'	103° 57'
Hancock, NH	42° 56'	71° 59'
Kitt Peak, AZ	31° 57'	111° 37'
Los Alamos, NM	35° 47'	106° 15'
Mauna Kea, HI	19° 48'	155° 27'
North Liberty, IA	41° 46'	91° 34'
Owens Valley, CA	37° 14'	118° 17'
Pie Town, NM	34° 18'	108° 07'
Saint Croix, VI	17° 45'	64° 35'
Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, CA	Two contiguous rectangles, one between latitudes 36° 00' N and 37° 00' N and between longitudes 117° 40' W and 118° 30' W and the second between latitudes 37° 00' N and 38° 00' N and between longitudes 118° 00' W and 118° 50' W.

(a) In the bands 1350-1400 MHz and 4950-4990 MHz, every practicable effort will be made to avoid the assignment of frequencies to stations in the fixed and mobile services that could interfere with radio astronomy observations within the geographic areas given above. In addition, every practicable effort will be made to avoid assignment of frequencies in these bands to stations in the aeronautical mobile service which operate outside of those geographic areas, but which may cause harmful interference to the listed observatories. Should such assignments result in harmful interference to these observatories, the situation will be remedied to the extent practicable.
(b) In the band 2655-2690 MHz, for radio astronomy observations performed at the locations listed above, licensees are urged to coordinate their systems through the Electromagnetic Spectrum Management Unit, Division of Astronomical Sciences, National Science Foundation, Room 1030, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230.

G2 In the bands 216.965-216.995 MHz, 420-450 MHz (except as provided for in G129), 890-902 MHz, 928-942 MHz, 1300-1390 MHz, 2310-2390 MHz, 2417-2450 MHz, 2700-2900 MHz, 3300-3500 MHz (except as provided for in US108), 5650-5925 MHz, and 9000-9200 MHz, use of the Federal radiolocation service is restricted to the military services.

G27 In the bands 225-328.6 MHz, 335.4-399.9 MHz, and 1350-1390 MHz, the fixed and mobile services are limited to the military services.

G114 The band 1369.05-1390 MHz is also allocated to the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) and to the mobile-satellite service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis for the relay of nuclear burst data.

SpectrumWiki

Global Positioning System (GPS)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a U.S.-owned utility that provides users with positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. This system consists of three segments: the space segment, the control segment, and the user segment. The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments.

GPS satellites provide service to civilian and military users. The civilian service is freely available to all users on a continuous, worldwide basis. The military service is available to U.S. and allied armed forces as well as approved Government agencies.

The specified minimum signal strength on the ground for GPS is:

L1 P(Y):	-161.5 dBW
L1 C/A:	-158.5 dBW
L2 P(Y):	-161.5 dBW
L2 C:	-158.5 dBW
L5 (I5 & Q5):	-157.0 dBW

The first of 32 next-generation GPS satellites (GPS III) is scheduled to be launced in 2014. The new system isn't expected to have widespread availability before approximately 2020.

Frequencies
Frequency	Bandwidth	Use	Service	Table
1176.45 MHz	24 MHz	GPS Link 5 (L5)	Radionavigation-satellite	F
1227.6 MHz	30.69 MHz	GPS Link 2 (L2)	Radionavigation-satellite	F
1379.913 MHz	-	GPS Link 4 (L4)	Radionavigation-satellite	F
1381.05 MHz	-	GPS Link 3 (L3)	Radionavigation-satellite	F
1575.42 MHz	30.69 MHz	GPS Link 1 (L1)	Radionavigation-satellite	F

External Links:

GPS L5 Interface Specification IS-GPS-705

Global Positioning System (Wikipedia)

GPS Interface Specification IS-GPS-200 Rev E

Official U.S. Government Website for GPS

A basic technical introduction to GPS by Prof. Eric Calais of Purdue University

Air Force Memo on Approved Lexicon of GPS Signal Abbreviations

Explanation of New GPS Civil Signals L2C, L5, and L1C

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Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS)

The 608-614, 1395-1400, and 1429-1432 MHz bands are used for the Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS). WMTS devices operate in the land mobile service on a "licensed by rule" basis as one of the growing number of Citizens Band Radio Services.

The FCC defines WMTS as "a private, short distance data communication service for the transmission of patient medical information to a central monitoring location in a hospital or other medical facility. Voice and video communications are prohibited. Waveforms such as electrocardiograms (EKG) are not considered video."

The FCC intends for WMTS to be the modern replacement for conventional medical telemetry systems that operate on an unlicensed basis in FCC Part 15, or licensed and secondary under Part 90 rules. When it created WMTS, the Commission said that it does not anticipate making any more allocations to medical telemetry.

WMTS is unique among the CB Services as it is the first to require frequency coordination by FCC-selected entities. These coordinators record and monitor the locations and frequencies of WMTS equipment for interference control purposes. WMTS is co-primary with the radio astronomy service in this band, and WMTS operations must be coordinated with the National Science Foundation.

WMTS equipment is only permitted in health care facilities, and eligibility to operate the equipment is strictly limited to health care personnel. WMTS cannot legally be used in a moving vehicle, even an ambulance.

The 608-614 MHz spectrum is one of many restricted bands in which the FCC's Part 15 rules permit unlicensed devices to emit only very low level emissions.

(The original version of this entry was based upon text from Wireless Spectrum Finder, by Benn Kobb. Wireless Spectrum Finder is now owned and copyrighted by SpectrumWiki.com.)

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
608 - 614 MHz	WMTS	Land Mobile	-
1395 - 1400 MHz	WMTS	Land Mobile	-
1429 - 1432 MHz	WMTS	Land Mobile	-

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Radio Astronomy (1400-1427 MHz)

This band is one of the most important bands for radio astronomy, since it encompasses a fundamental spectral line of hydrogen, which is by far the most prevalent element in the Universe.

Neutral (non-ionized) hydrogen naturally emits (or absorbs) at the frequency of 1420.4058 MHz due to a "spin flip" transition in energy states. Referred to as the HI line (pronounced "H-one line"), it can be observed throughout the cosmos and is heavily used for probing conditions in our own Galaxy and in other galaxies.

Due to relative motions between us and the cosmic sources being observed, the HI line can be seen at frequencies other than its rest frequency of 1420.4058 MHz. In fact, it is believed that neutral hydrogen can be observed at such great distances (and therefore many billions of years in the past), that its signal would be redshifted to 100 MHz or even below as a result of the expansion of the Universe. The allocated range, 1400 - 1427 MHz, therefore encompasses only a small portion of the frequency range that is needed to observe HI throughout the Universe.

The line is sometimes also referred to as the 21 cm line, referring to its rest wavelength.

HI observations are made at many radio astronomy observatories worldwide.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1400 - 1427 MHz	Neutral hydrogen (HI)	Radio Astronomy	-

External Links:

Hydrogen line (Wikipedia)

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Aeronautical Long Range Surveillance Radars

Long range surveillance radars are used for air traffic control purposes. Long range radars are able to detect objects as small as 1-2 m^2 cross section out to distances as far as 200-250 nautical miles.

In the United States, there are approximately 130 long range surveillance radars spread across the country as part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), shared among FAA, DoD, and the Department of Homeland Security.

Long range surveillance radars can also be used for weather detection, by switching from vertical polarization (for aircraft detection) to circular polarization mode. They can also be used as terminal radars (for monitoring traffic closer-in to airports), under conditions of greater-than-normal separation between aircraft.

The scan time (rotation rate) for long range radars is 12 seconds, which provides position updates for aircraft five times each minute.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1240 - 1370 MHz	Aeronautical long range surveillance radars	Aeronautical Radionavigation	-

External Links:

Joint Surveillance System (JSS), including table of radar locations (Wikipedia)

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Aeronautical Terminal Radars

Terminal radars are installed at busy airports to monitor air traffic in the vicinity of the airport. Terminal radars have shorter range than long range surveillance radars, but rotate more quickly (4.8 seconds instead of 12).

In the United States, terminal radars are installed at approximately 300 airports.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1240 - 1370 MHz	Aeronautical terminal radars	Aeronautical Radionavigation	-

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Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Satellite

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite is a planned NASA satellite mission to monitor soil moisture around the globe. It is planned for launch in 2014.

As its name implies, the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite uses active and passive radio systems to measure soil moisture around the globe. The spacecraft is in a sun-syncronous orbit that passes overhead of its target areas around 6 AM and 6 PM, approximately every 3 days at the equator and every 2 days at high latitudes.

SMAP's sensors can determine soil moisture down to a depth of approximately 5-10 cm. The active radar provides approximately 3 km resolution on the ground, using a 6 m antenna and measuring reflections in HH, VV, and HV polarization modes. The radar works in frequency hopping mode to avoid interference to and from aviation radars that operate in the same band. The instantaneous signal from the radar consists of two separate signals each of ~1.4 MHz bandwidth, separated by 5 MHz. It pulses every ~354 microseconds, for a duration of ~10-20 microseconds per pulse. The radar transmit power (not EIRP) is a few hundred watts.

SMAP will operate in a circular orbit of 670 km altitude. The ground footprint of the radar is approximately 1000 km. Resolution of the radar in low-resolution mode is approximately 40 km, and in high-resolution mode the resolution is approximately 3 km.

Soil moisture data can be used for improving numerical weather prediction, including seasonal climate prediction and rainfall prediction.

Like the European SMOS satellite, it is anticipated that SMAP's passive sensor will be subject to illegal RFI in the passive-only 1400-1427 MHz band.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
1200 - 1300 MHz	SMAP active radar	Earth Exploration-satellite	F
1400 - 1427 MHz	SMAP passive radiometer	Earth Exploration-satellite	F

External Links:

SMAP Web (NASA/JPL)

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Occupancy Measurements (10)

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The Very Large Array Radio Telescope

Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	1350 MHz	1375 MHz	1400 MHz
Wavelength	22.2 cm	21.8 cm	21.4 cm
Band designator(s)	UHF; L-band (IEEE)	UHF; L-band (IEEE)	UHF; L-band (IEEE)
Isotropic collecting area	39.2 cm²	37.8 cm²	36.5 cm²
Free space loss (1 m)	35.1 dB	35.2 dB	35.4 dB
Free space loss (1 km)	95.1 dB	95.2 dB	95.4 dB
Free space loss (10 km)	115.1 dB	115.2 dB	115.4 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	135.1 dB	135.2 dB	135.4 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	155.1 dB	155.2 dB	155.4 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	186.1 dB	186.3 dB	186.4 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	206.6 dB	206.8 dB	206.9 dB