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Mobile User Objective System (MUOS)
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According to the U.S. Navy:
Mobile User Object System (MUOS) is a narrowband Military Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM) system that supports a worldwide, multi-Service population of mobile and fixed-site terminal users in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band, providing increased communications capabilities to smaller terminals while still supporting interoperability to legacy terminals.
MUOS adapts a commercial third generation Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) cellular phone network architecture and combines it with geosynchronous satellites (in place of cell towers) to provide a new and more capable UHF MILSATCOM system. The constellation of four operational satellites and ground network control will provide greater than 10 times the system capacity of the current UHF Follow-On (UFO) constellation.
The first MUOS satellite was launched February 24th, 2012, and began operations in August 2012. The second satellite is expected to be launched in 2013. The MUOS constellation will eventually be comprised of four GSO satellites and one in-orbit spare, and is expected to be fully operational in 2015. The operational satellites will be located at 177 deg W (Pacific), 100 deg W (CONUS), 15.5 deg W (Atlantic), and 75 deg E (Indian). The spare satellite will be parked at 72 deg E.
The satellites transmit 9.8 W of power into a 14 m dish. The service links are comprised of four 5 MHz-wide SA-WCDMA channels occupying the 20 MHz wide UHF uplink and downlink bands.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 300 - 320 MHz | MUOS service uplink | Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) | F |
| 360 - 380 MHz | MUOS service downlink | Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) | F |
| 20.2 - 21.2 GHz | MUOS feeder downlink | Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) | F |
| 30 - 31 GHz | MUOS feeder uplink | Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space) | F |
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ViaSat-1 Ka-band Satellite
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ViaSat uses this spectrum for its Ka-band direct-to-consumer broadband Internet service, under the trade name "exede." The ViaSat-1 satellite was launched from Baikonur on October 19th, 2011, and entered commercial service on January 16th, 2012.
The satellite downlinks and uplinks use both right- and left-hand circular polarizations from a geostationary orbit at 115.1 deg west longitude.
ViaSat-1 has 72 user beams, of which 63 serve the U.S. Nine beams serve Canada.
User terminals utilize a dish of 0.695 m (about 27") maximum diameter, and will uplink using carriers between 625 kHz and 10 MHz wide using max EIRP between 47.2-50.3 dBW. The antennas have transmit gain of about 44 dBi, and receive gain of about 40 dBi. ViaSat is authorized for up to 250,000 such terminals in the continental U.S., operating under the callsign E120026.
The satellite downlink bandwidth is between 52-416 MHz.
As of March 2013, ViaSat claimed 512,000 customers. They have also announced plans for the ViaSat-2 satellite, to be launched in mid-2016, which will have 2.5 times the capacity of ViaSat-1, and will have a single beam that covers the continental U.S., Mexico, most of Canada, portions of Central America and the Caribbean, and the North Atlantic over to the western edge of Europe.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 18.3 - 18.8 GHz | ViaSat-1 downlink | Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) | N |
| 18.8 - 19.3 GHz | ViaSat-1 downlink | Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) | N |
| 19.7 - 20.2 GHz | ViaSat-1 downlink | Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) | N |
| 28.1 - 28.6 GHz | ViaSat-1 uplink | Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space) | N |
| 28.6 - 29.1 GHz | ViaSat-1 uplink | Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space) | N |
| 29.5 - 30 GHz | ViaSat-1 uplink | Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space) | N |
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