5.484A The use of the bands 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 12.2-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 3, 12.5-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 1, 13.75-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space), 17.8-18.6 GHz (space-to-Earth), 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 27.5-28.6 GHz (Earth-to-space), 29.5-30 GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated.

5.516 The use of the band 17.3-18.1 GHz by geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) is limited to feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service. The use of the band 17.3-17.8 GHz in Region 2 by systems in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) is limited to geostationary satellites. For the use of the band 17.3-17.8 GHz in Region 2 by feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service in the band 12.2-12.7 GHz, see Article 11. The use of the bands 17.3-18.1 GHz (Earth-to-space) in Regions 1 and 3 and 17.8-18.1 GHz (Earth-to-space) in Region 2 by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated.

5.519 Additional allocation: the bands 18-18.3 GHz in Region 2 and 18.1-18.4 GHz in Regions 1 and 3 are also allocated to the meteorological-satellite service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis. Their use is limited to geostationary satellites. (WRC-07)

US334 In the band 17.8-20.2 GHz, Federal space stations in both geostationary (GSO) and non-geostationary satellite orbits (NGSO) and associated earth stations in the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) may be authorized on a primary basis. For a Federal geostationary satellite network to operate on a primary basis, the space station shall be located outside the arc, measured from east to west, 70° West longitude to 120° West longitude. Coordination between Federal fixed-satellite systems and non-Federal space and terrestrial systems operating in accordance with the United States Table of Frequency Allocations is required.

(a) In the sub-band 17.8-19.7 GHz, the power flux-density (pfd) at the surface of the Earth produced by emissions from a Federal GSO space station or from a Federal space station in a NGSO constellation of 50 or fewer satellites, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the following values in any 1 MHz band:
- (1) -115 dB(W/m²) for angles of arrival above the horizontal plane (δ) between 0° and 5°,
- (2) -115 + 0.5(δ - 5) dB(W/m²) for δ between 5° and 25°, and
- (3) -105 dB(W/m²) for δ between 25° and 90°.
(b) In the sub-band 17.8-19.3 GHz, the pfd at the surface of the Earth produced by emissions from a Federal space station in an NGSO constellation of 51 or more satellites, for all conditions and for all methods of modulation, shall not exceed the following values in any 1 MHz band:
- (1) -115 - X dB(W/m²) for δ between 0° and 5°,
- (2) -115 - X + ((10 + X)/20)(δ - 5) dB(W/m²) for δ between 5° and 25°, and
- (3) -105 dB(W/m²) for δ between 25° and 90°; where X is defined as a function of the number of satellites, n, in an NGSO constellation as follows:
  For n ≤ 288, X = (5/119) (n - 50) dB; and
  For n > 288, X = (1/69) (n + 402) dB.

US419 The band 18.1-18.3 GHz is also allocated to the meteorological-satellite service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis. Its use is limited to geostationary satellites and shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, Table 21-4 of the ITU Radio Regulations.

G117 In the bands 7.25-7.75 GHz, 7.9-8.4 GHz, 17.3-17.7 GHz, 17.8-21.2 GHz, 30-31 GHz, 33-36 GHz, 39.5-41 GHz, 43.5-45.5 GHz and 50.4-51.4 GHz, the Federal fixed-satellite and mobile-satellite services are limited to military systems.

SpectrumWiki

Band Uses (17.7 - 18.3 GHz)

WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.16, Non-GSO FSS earth stations in motion

"to study and develop technical, operational and regulatory measures, as appropriate, to facilitate the use of the frequency bands 17.7-18.6 GHz and 18.8-19.3 GHz and 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz (Earth-to-space) by non-GSO FSS earth stations in motion, while ensuring due protection of existing services in those frequency bands, in accordance with Resolution 173 (WRC-19);"

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
17.7 - 18.6 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (S2E)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (S2E)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-
19.7 - 20.2 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (S2E)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-
27.5 - 29.1 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (E2S)	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-
29.5 - 30 GHz	Study for use by non-GSO earth stations in motion (E2S)	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-

External Links:

WRC-23 Agenda

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DISH Network

DISH network uses the 12.2-12.7 GHz band for its direct broadcast satellite TV service. This is the band received by customers who subscribe to the DISH Network service. The satellites also transmit relatively narrowband (300 kHz-1 MHz) telemetry, tracking, and control (TT&C) signals in this band, primarily in the lower and upper few MHz of the band.

DISH uses 17.3-17.8 GHz for feeder links (uploading the TV signals from the ground to the satellites), from earth stations located in Cheyenne, WY, and Gilbert, AZ. It also sends relatively narrowband (36 kHz-800 kHz) telemetry, tracking, and control signals to the satellites from these earth stations, primarily in the lower and upper few MHz of the band.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
12.2 - 12.7 GHz	DISH Network direct broadcast TV service & affiliated TT&C signals	Broadcasting-satellite	N
17.3 - 17.8 GHz	DISH Network feeder links and TT&C signals	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N

External Links:

DISH Network's Cheyenne, WY, earth station facility (Google Maps)

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ViaSat-1 Ka-band Satellite

ViaSat uses this spectrum for its Ka-band direct-to-consumer broadband Internet service, under the trade name "exede." The ViaSat-1 satellite was launched from Baikonur on October 19th, 2011, and entered commercial service on January 16th, 2012.

The satellite downlinks and uplinks use both right- and left-hand circular polarizations from a geostationary orbit at 115.1 deg west longitude.

ViaSat-1 has 72 user beams, of which 63 serve the U.S. Nine beams serve Canada.

User terminals utilize a dish of 0.695 m (about 27") maximum diameter, and will uplink using carriers between 625 kHz and 10 MHz wide using max EIRP between 47.2-50.3 dBW. The antennas have transmit gain of about 44 dBi, and receive gain of about 40 dBi. ViaSat is authorized for up to 250,000 such terminals in the continental U.S., operating under the callsign E120026.

The satellite downlink bandwidth is between 52-416 MHz.

As of March 2013, ViaSat claimed 512,000 customers. They have also announced plans for the ViaSat-2 satellite, to be launched in mid-2016, which will have 2.5 times the capacity of ViaSat-1, and will have a single beam that covers the continental U.S., Mexico, most of Canada, portions of Central America and the Caribbean, and the North Atlantic over to the western edge of Europe.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
18.3 - 18.8 GHz	ViaSat-1 downlink	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	ViaSat-1 downlink	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
19.7 - 20.2 GHz	ViaSat-1 downlink	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
28.1 - 28.6 GHz	ViaSat-1 uplink	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N
28.6 - 29.1 GHz	ViaSat-1 uplink	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N
29.5 - 30 GHz	ViaSat-1 uplink	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N

External Links:

Beam coverage and other information for ViaSat-1 (satbeams.com)

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Hughes Network Systems EchoStar XVII (Jupiter-1)

Hughes is authorized to construct, launch, and operate the EchoStar XVII (aka Jupiter-1) Ka-band GSO satellite at 107.1 deg west longitude, under FCC call sign S2753.

Jupiter-1 will be used to provide new high-speed satellite-based Internet service, which improves over slower Ku-band satellite Internet services. In the U.S., Hughes' Jupiter service will compete with Viasat's Exede service, also operating in the Ka band.

Hughes was granted a waiver to allow GSO FSS operations in the 18.8-19.3 GHz band (space-to-Earth) on a non-conforming basis. It must not interfere with non-GSO non-federal FSS or federal GSO and non-GSO operations in this band.

Hughes' authorization was granted by the FCC on June 12, 2012.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
18.3 - 18.8 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (space-to-Earth)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (space-to-Earth) (non-interference basis)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
19.7 - 20.2 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (space-to-Earth)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
28.35 - 28.6 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N
28.6 - 29.1 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space) (secondary basis)	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N
29.25 - 29.5 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N
29.5 - 30 GHz	EchoStar XVII FSS (Earth-to-space)	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N

External Links:

Hughes EchoStar XVII FCC Grant

Hughes EchoStar XVII License Application

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Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave

These bands are permitted for use by common carrier fixed point-to-point microwave systems under Part 101, Subparts C & I of the FCC rules.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
2450 - 2500 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave	Fixed	N
3700 - 4200 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
5925 - 6425 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 30 MHz)	Fixed	N
6425 - 6525 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 25 MHz)	Fixed	N
6525 - 6875 MHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 30 MHz)	Fixed	N
10.55 - 10.68 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave	Fixed	N
10.7 - 11.7 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 40 MHz)	Fixed	N
13.2 - 13.25 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 25 MHz)	Fixed	N
17.7 - 18.58 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 220 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.58 - 18.82 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.82 - 18.92 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 10 MHz)	Fixed	N
18.92 - 19.16 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 20 MHz)	Fixed	N
19.16 - 19.26 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 10 MHz)	Fixed	N
19.26 - 19.7 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 220 MHz)	Fixed	N
21.2 - 23.6 GHz	Common Carrier Fixed Point-to-Point Microwave (max bandwidth 50 MHz)	Fixed	N

External Links:

FCC NPRM and NOI on Backhaul (FCC 10-146)

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Other 3 billion (03b) Networks

O3b is a planned satellite system that will help provide broadband service to the world's "other 3 billion" people, generally in the equatorial region, that do not otherwise have good access.

O3b consists of 12 satellites in equatorial medium Earth orbit (MEO) at 8,062 km altitude. The satellites will be able to provide optimal service to +/-45 deg latitude, with limited service to +/-45-62 deg. Therefore, O3b will be able to provide services outside the equatorial regions, including in developed countries, although its main target area is developing countries. MEO was chosen to reduce the latency (round trip travel time) of the data connection, compared to the much larger distance/travel time to geostationary orbit and back.

The satellites will provide broadband service to "Tier 1" customers such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs), and "Tier 2" customers including cellular backhaul and VSAT network services. Because the satellites are not in geostationary orbits, customers will have to use tracking antennas to communicate with the satellites.

Each satellite provides service using ten 216 MHz channels.

O3b will operate in the fixed-satellite service, although FSS allocations do not exist throughout the anticipated frequency range.

O3b is based in Jersey, Channel Islands, and is therefore governed by Ofcom, the U.K. telecommunications regulatory authority. Its network operations center is in Virginia (USA), and its satellite operations center will be in Luxembourg. Multiple ground stations will operate around the globe.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
17.8 - 18.6 GHz	O3b Networks service and gateway downlinks	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
18.8 - 19.3 GHz	O3b Networks service, gateway, and TT&C downlinks	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	N
27.6 - 28.4 GHz	O3b Networks service and gateway uplinks	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N
28.6 - 29.1 GHz	O3b Networks service, gateway, and TT&C uplinks	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	N

External Links:

O3b Networks presentation at SSPI Spectrum Day

O3b Limited U.S. Market Access Application

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WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.19, Consider New FSS S2E Primary Allocation in Region 2

"to consider a new primary allocation to the fixed-satellite service in the space-to-Earth direction in the frequency band 17.3-17.7 GHz in Region 2, while protecting existing primary services in the band, in accordance with Resolution 174 (WRC-19);"

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
17.3 - 17.7 GHz	Consideration for new FSS space-to-Earth allocation in ITU Region 2	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-

External Links:

WRC-23 Agenda

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2019 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) Agenda Item 1.5

1.5 to consider the use of the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-space) by earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service and take appropriate action, in accordance with Resolution 158 [COM6/17] (WRC-15);

Paired Frequency Bands
Paired Bands	Use	Service	Table
17.7 - 19.7 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-
27.5 - 29.5 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-

External Links:

WRC-19 (International Telecommunication Union)

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SkyBridge

SkyBridge LLC filed in 1997 with the FCC to provide fixed-satellite service operations from a network of 80 non-GSO satellites, operating 4 satellites per plane in 20 planes, inclined 53 deg. The satellites would be in circular orbits at an altitude of 1469.3 km. The FCC granted launch and operation authority to SkyBridge in 2005 (DA 05-2037), but SkyBridge was never launched.

In 2014, a company registered/operating under the names L5 and WorldVu, based in the Channel Islands, acquired SkyBridge's Ku-band spectrum rights at the ITU. According to a May 30, 2014, Space News article, WorldVu would consist of 360 small satellites operating at between 800 and 950 km altitude at an inclination of 88.2 deg (near polar orbit). Space News quotes the filing as indicating the satellite system would come into use in 2019 or 2020.

WorldVu/L5 is reportedly backed by Google.

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
10.7 - 12.7 GHz	SkyBridge downlink	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-
12.7 - 12.75 GHz	SkyBridge downlink (outside Western Hemisphere)	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-
12.75 - 13.25 GHz	SkyBridge uplink	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-
13.75 - 14.5 GHz	SkyBridge uplink	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-
17.3 - 18.1 GHz	SkyBridge uplink (outside U.S.; non-harmful interference basis)	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-

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WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5

"to consider the use of the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-space) by earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service and take appropriate action, in accordance with Resolution COM6/17 (WRC 15)"

Frequency Bands
Band	Use	Service	Table
17.7 - 19.7 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth)	-
27.5 - 29.5 GHz	WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.5	Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)	-

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Legislation (1)

Engineering Data

	Lower Frequency	Center Frequency	Upper Frequency
Frequency	17.7 GHz	18 GHz	18.3 GHz
Wavelength	1.7 cm	1.7 cm	1.6 cm
Band designator(s)	SHF; Ku-band (IEEE)	SHF; K-band (IEEE)	SHF; K-band (IEEE)
Isotropic collecting area	0.2 cm²	0.2 cm²	0.2 cm²
Free space loss (1 m)	57.4 dB	57.6 dB	57.6 dB
Free space loss (1 km)	117.4 dB	117.6 dB	117.6 dB
Free space loss (10 km)	137.4 dB	137.6 dB	137.6 dB
Free space loss (100 km)	157.4 dB	157.6 dB	157.6 dB
Free space loss (1000 km)	177.4 dB	177.6 dB	177.6 dB
Free space loss (35,786 km = GEO orbit)	208.5 dB	208.6 dB	208.7 dB
Free space loss (378,370 km = Moon)	229.0 dB	229.1 dB	229.2 dB