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Amateur Radio (23 cm)
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The amateur service has a secondary allocation in this band worldwide. According to the ITU, this band is "used for short-range communications and for experimentation."
In the United States, the ARRL has adopted the following band plan. This band plan may apply in other countries as well:
1240-1246 ATV #1 1246-1248 Narrow-bandwidth FM point-to-point links and digital, duplex with 1258-1260. 1248-1258 Digital Communications 1252-1258 ATV #2 1258-1260 Narrow-bandwidth FM point-to-point links digital, duplexed with 1246-1252 1260-1270 Satellite uplinks, reference WARC '79 1260-1270 Wide-bandwidth experimental, simplex ATV 1270-1276 Repeater inputs, FM and linear, paired with 1282-1288, 239 pairs every 25 kHz, e.g. 1270.025, .050, etc. 1271-1283 Non-coordinated test pair 1276-1282 ATV #3 1282-1288 Repeater outputs, paired with 1270-1276 1288-1294 Wide-bandwidth experimental, simplex ATV 1294-1295 Narrow-bandwidth FM simplex services, 25-kHz channels 1294.5 National FM simplex calling frequency 1295-1297 Narrow bandwidth weak-signal communications (no FM) 1295.0-1295.8 SSTV, FAX, ACSSB, experimental 1295.8-1296.0 Reserved for EME, CW expansion 1296.00-1296.05 EME-exclusive 1296.07-1296.08 CW beacons 1296.1 CW, SSB calling frequency 1296.4-1296.6 Crossband linear translator input 1296.6-1296.8 Crossband linear translator output 1296.8-1297.0 Experimental beacons (exclusive) 1297-1300 Digital Communications
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Frequency Bands |
Band | Use | Service | Table |
1240 - 1300 MHz | Amateur radio 23 cm band | AM | N |
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Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Satellite
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The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite is a planned NASA satellite mission to monitor soil moisture around the globe. It is planned for launch in 2014.
As its name implies, the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite uses active and passive radio systems to measure soil moisture around the globe. The spacecraft is in a sun-syncronous orbit that passes overhead of its target areas around 6 AM and 6 PM, approximately every 3 days at the equator and every 2 days at high latitudes.
SMAP's sensors can determine soil moisture down to a depth of approximately 5-10 cm. The active radar provides approximately 3 km resolution on the ground, using a 6 m antenna and measuring reflections in HH, VV, and HV polarization modes. The radar works in frequency hopping mode to avoid interference to and from aviation radars that operate in the same band. The instantaneous signal from the radar consists of two separate signals each of ~1.4 MHz bandwidth, separated by 5 MHz. It pulses every ~354 microseconds, for a duration of ~10-20 microseconds per pulse. The radar transmit power (not EIRP) is a few hundred watts.
SMAP will operate in a circular orbit of 670 km altitude. The ground footprint of the radar is approximately 1000 km. Resolution of the radar in low-resolution mode is approximately 40 km, and in high-resolution mode the resolution is approximately 3 km.
Soil moisture data can be used for improving numerical weather prediction, including seasonal climate prediction and rainfall prediction.
Like the European SMOS satellite, it is anticipated that SMAP's passive sensor will be subject to illegal RFI in the passive-only 1400-1427 MHz band.
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Frequency Bands |
Band | Use | Service | Table |
1200 - 1300 MHz | SMAP active radar | Earth Exploration-satellite | F |
1400 - 1427 MHz | SMAP passive radiometer | Earth Exploration-satellite | F |
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