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The unpaired 1390-1392 MHz band and the paired 1392-1395/1432-1435 MHz bands comprise the FCC's "1.4 GHz band."
TerreStar acquired the 1.4 GHz band licenses, but after several years of challenges, it declared bankruptcy and emerged as MidWave, which plans to use the 1.4 GHz band for a nationwide 5G deployment in the U.S. and its territories.
The bands have incumbent operations which will continue. According to the FCC:
There are several government operations that will continue to operate in these bands:
1390-1392 MHz
-Radio astronomy observations may be assigned in the 1350-1400 MHz band on an unprotected basis at the 16 radio astronomy observatories identified in the table of Footnote US311 set forth in 47 C.F.R. § 2.106.
-In the 1390-1400 MHz band, government operations authorized as of March 22, 1995, at the 17 sites identified in the table of Footnote US351 set forth in 47 C.F.R. § 2.106 will continue to operate on a fully protected basis until January 1, 2009. All other government operations, except for medical telemetry (1395-1400 MHz), will operate on a non-interference basis to authorized non-Government operations and shall not hinder implementation of any non-Government operations.
1392-1395 MHz and 1432-1435 MHz
-Radio astronomy observations may be assigned in the 1350-1400 MHz band on an unprotected basis at the 16 radio astronomy observatories identified in the table of Footnote US311 set forth in 47 C.F.R. § 2.106.
-In the 1390-1400 MHz band, government operations authorized as of March 22, 1995, at the 17 sites identified in the table of Footnote US351 set forth in 47 C.F.R. § 2.106 will continue to operate on a fully protected basis until January 1, 2009. All other government operations, except for medical telemetry (1395-1400 MHz), will operate on a non-interference basis to authorized non-Government operations and shall not hinder implementation of any non-Government operations.
-In the 1432-1435 MHz band, government stations in the fixed and mobile services may operate indefinitely on a primary basis at the 23 sites listed in the table of Footnote US361 set forth in 47 C.F.R. § 2.106. All other Government stations in the fixed and mobile services shall operate on a primary basis until re-accommodated in accordance with the National Defense Authorization Act of 1999.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 1390 - 1392 MHz | Unpaired component of the 1.4 GHz band | Mobile | N |
Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 1392 - 1395 MHz | Paired component of the 1.4 GHz band | Mobile | N |
| 1432 - 1435 MHz | Paired component of the 1.4 GHz band | Mobile | N |
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According to the FCC:
AWS-3: Following a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in July 2013, the Commission adopted a Report and Order in March 2014 as part of an effort to implement the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (Spectrum Act) with allocation, technical, and licensing rules for commercial use of the 1695-1710 MHz, 1755-1780 MHz and 2155-2180 MHz bands. These spectrum bands are collectively known as AWS-3. The AWS-3 Report and Order required that commercial operators successfully coordinate with Federal incumbents before operating in certain Protection Zones. In July 2014, the FCC and NTIA issued a Joint Public Notice Announcing AWS-3 Coordination Details, which refined the default nationwide coordination zones and provided additional information regarding coordination between Federal and non-Federal commercial shared use of the 1695-1710 MHz and 1755-1780 MHz bands. NTIA provides information on Federal transition plans and transition data for the AWS-3 bands.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 1695 - 1710 MHz | AWS-3 band, unpiared | - | N |
Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 1755 - 1780 MHz | AWS-3 mobile transmit | Mobile | N |
| 2155 - 2180 MHz | AWS-3 base transmit | Mobile | N |
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Although heavily used for federal government operations, this band is on the short list for accommodating mobile broadband applications, either by sharing or by relocating federal systems. It would be a natural completion of spectrum at 1710-1755 (AWS-1) that has already been reallocated, and the existing 1850-1990 MHz PCS band.
NTIA has issued a report on the costs associated with moving federal systems out of this band. See the related documents list for a link to the document. The bottom line is that, as of 2012, it would cost about $18 billion and take 10 years to clear the band, according to NTIA.
The following historical material on the 1755-1850 MHz band is from Wireless Spectrum Finder by Benn Kobb, last published in 2001. Wireless Spectrum Finder is now (c) SpectrumWiki.com:
*****
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) is a global personal communications service via terrestrial and satellite links (see 1850—1990 MHz). Among the spectrum identified for IMT-2000 by the World Radio Conference-2000 (WRC-2000) was 1710—1885 MHz.
This is a critical band in the defense infrastructure. Federal frequency assignments in 1755—1850 MHz are extensive and nationwide. Certain key sites will need special interference protection from prospective IMT-2000 deployments. In the FCC’s words, “potentially serious sharing problems” arise between IMT-2000 and federal systems in this band.
The Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) Space-Ground Link Subsystem (SGLS) in 1761—1842 MHz (uplink) and 2200—2290 MHz (downlink) controls numerous defense and research satellites, including British and NATO systems and the Global Positioning System (GPS) as well as Space Shuttle functions.
U.S.-based SGLS primary stations are in Colorado and California, with tracking stations nationwide and at Diego Garcia, Greenland and the United Kingdom. SGLS also uses transportable stations, normally operated from military bases, to provide coverage for launch and orbit operations.
Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE, Army) and Digital Wideband Transmission System (DWTS, Navy) are microwave links for use in several bands including 1755—1850 MHz. Video teleconferencing, e-mail, telephone and Internet connectivity are among the services they provide.
Air Combat Training Systems (ACTS) and Joint Tactical Combat Training Systems (JTCTS) use this spectrum to compute and transmit altitude, velocity, and weapons status in simulations. The JTCTS provides aircrew training using only links between aircraft, without the need for instrumented ground facilities.
Other defense uses in this part of the spectrum include tactical radio relay; television from aircraft-mounted cameras for remote piloting and monitoring of civil disturbances; wireless local area networks for combat troops; intrusion detection; dismounted soldier identification; and telecommand of robots.
Another interesting use of this spectrum is in control of precision weapons used against "high-value" and hardened enemy targets. Equipped with cameras or infrared sensors, GPS receivers, and wireless control links, the weapons are guided to the target by an officer watching on video.
Aerostat balloons used to detect low-flying aircraft in drug interdiction use voice and data links in this band. The Navy operates high-speed interceptor boats that transmit video in this band to nearby warships.
This is key government spectrum for non-defense, fixed microwave links. Among the fixed service users are the Department of Energy for control and sensing in electric utility operations; the Department of Justice and the Department of Treasury for linking law enforcement land mobile systems; and the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture for forest and park management, and emergency communications in remote areas. The Army Corps of Engineers uses this band to control hydropower stations and provide flood control and maintenance communications at inland waterway facilities. The fixed-link portions of Coast Guard safety systems (see 154—156.2475 MHz) use this band. Many of these systems are being moved to higher bands.
IMT-2000 Issues
The incumbency and wide coverage areas of these federal operations, especially SGLS, MSE/DWTS, ACTS and fixed systems, greatly impacts the introduction of IMT-2000 into the 1700 MHz spectrum, particularly the 1805—1850 MHz segment.
A variety of techniques will be needed to prevent interaction between IMT-2000 and defense systems, including band segmenting, exploitation of antenna capabilities, siting of base stations, changes to power levels, possible “keep away” beacons, and cooperative scheduling of operations. Receivers already on satellites could face degradation from IMT-2000 transmitters as market penetration for the new service increases.
The need for these precautions will likely impact the revenues that IMT-2000 license auctions can generate. Government users who must relocate their stations will be entitled to compensation by new entrants.
***** (End of historical information from Wireless Spectrum Finder)
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 1755 - 1850 MHz | 1755-1850 MHz band | - | F |
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DISH Network (now Echostar) won the AWS H-Block FCC auction and is under deadline to deploy 5G services in the band. This band is referred to as both an Advanced Wireless Services band (AWS H-Block), and the H-block of the broadband PCS band.
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Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 1915 - 1920 MHz | AWS H-Block mobile transmit | Mobile | N |
| 1995 - 2000 MHz | AWS H-Block base transmit | Mobile | N |
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According to The Defense Post:
“Developed in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation, the Swathi radar is 85 percent indigenous, relying heavily on India’s domestic supply chain.
“With a detection range of up to 50 kilometers (31 miles), the radar can identify and locate hostile artillery, enabling precise counter-strikes.”
The radar is manufactured by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 5400 - 5850 MHz | Swathi Weapon Locating Radar | Radiolocation | F |
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ITU WRC-15 Agenda Item 9.1.5:
"Consideration of technical and regulatory actions in order to support existing and future operation of fixed-satellite service earth stations within the band 3400-4200 MHz, as an aid to the safe operation of aircraft and reliable distribution of meteorological information in some countries in Region 1."
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 3400 - 4200 MHz | Actions to support FSS Earth stations in 3400-4200 MHz (WRC-15 Agenda Item 9.1.5 | Fixed-satellite | - |
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The SPN-50(V)1 radar, built by Saab, is planned to replace the existing SPN-43C air traffic control radar on U.S. Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships. The SPN-43C radar is capable of operating in the 3500-3700 MHz band.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 5400 - 5900 MHz | SPN-50(V)1 radar | Radiolocation | F |
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The 3100-3450 MHz band is heavily used in the U.S. to support wireless cameras and other equipment for temporary use during major news and sporting events. These operations are typically under a short-term experimental license (called a Special Temporary Authority, or STA), which may cover multiple venues over multiple dates. Virtually all major sporting events will use this band for some aspect of their operations. The use of this band is coordinated in advance among the band's incumbents (the Federal government), and all systems at the event that wish to share this band.
Prior to the adoption of the 3.45 GHz Service for IMT in the 3450-3550 MHz band, content capture used 3100-3500 MHz, but now those operations do not use the upper 50 MHz to avoid interference to or from 5G systems.
Frequencies in the 2 GHz range are used for similar purposes, also under STA and prior coordination.
1435-1525 MHz is used for similar purposes, plus wireless microphones.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 1435 - 1525 MHz | Content Capture and Wireless Microphones for Sporting and Other Major Events | Mobile | N |
| 2200 - 2305 MHz | Content Capture for Sporting and Other Major Events | Mobile | N |
| 2360 - 2420 MHz | Content Capture for Sporting and Other Major Events | Mobile | N |
| 3100 - 3450 MHz | Content Capture for Sporting and Other Major Events | Mobile | N |
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Golden Dome is a planned capability to protect the United States from missile attack, similar to, but much broader than, Israel's Iron Dome.
Golden Dome is one of the highest priorities of the Trump administration as of 2025.
Although the details of what Golden Dome is and what exactly it will do are not yet established, based on Congressional testimony, it appears that DoD radars and other systems that operate in the 3.1-3.45 GHz band will be critical components of Golden Dome.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 3100 - 3450 MHz | Golden Dome | Radiolocation | F |
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1.9 to consider, in accordance with Resolution COM6/15 (WRC-12):
1.9.1 possible new allocations to the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 7 150-7 250 MHz (space-to-Earth) and 8 400-8 500 MHz (Earth-to-space), subject to appropriate sharing conditions;
1.9.2 the possibility of allocating the bands 7 375-7 750 MHz and 8 025-8 400 MHz to the maritime-mobile satellite service and additional regulatory measures, depending on the results of appropriate studies;
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 7150 - 7250 MHz | Agenda Item 1.9.1 | Fixed-satellite | - |
| 7375 - 7750 MHz | Agenda Item 1.9.2 (maritime mobile-satellite) | Mobile-satellite | - |
| 8025 - 8400 MHz | Agenda Item 1.9.2 (maritime mobile-satellite) | Mobile-satellite | - |
| 8400 - 8500 MHz | Agenda Item 1.9.1 | Fixed-satellite | - |
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In FCC 23-76 (2023), the FCC modified their rules to increase the amount of spectrum available to non-government space operations:
"[W]e adopt a new secondary allocation in the 2025-2110 MHz band for non-Federal space operations, remove the restriction on use of the 2200-2290 MHz secondary non-Federal space operation allocation to four specific sub channels to make the entire 2200-2290 MHz band available, add a non Federal secondary mobile allocation to the 2200-2290 MHz band, and adopt licensing and technical rules for space launch operations. Additionally, we amend the allocation for the 399.9-400.05 MHz band to permit the deployment of Federal space stations. We also seek further comment on whether to adopt licensing and operating rules for payload activities as well as on modifying our existing 2360-2395 MHz space launch rules and on possible additional licensing provisions for sub-orbital launch vehicles. These actions will encourage the continued development of a robust U.S. commercial space sector to the benefit of national interests in security, prosperity, and science."
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 399.9 - 400.05 MHz | Federal space stations | Mobile-satellite | F |
| 2025 - 2110 MHz | Non-federal space operations | Space Operation | N |
| 2200 - 2290 MHz | Non-federal space operations | Space Operation | N |
| 2360 - 2395 MHz | Possible space operation allocation | Space Operation | N |
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According to the U.S. Space Force:
"PAVE Phased Array Warning System (PAWS) Radars are maintained by the U.S. Space Force. These radars are capable of detecting Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) attacks and conducting general space surveillance and satellite tracking. PAVE is a military program identification code.
"The PAVE PAWS are ground based phased array radars located on the west and east coasts of the U.S.
"Missile warning and attack characterization data is sent to the U.S. Missile Warning and Space Control Centers, the U.S. National Military Command Center and U.S. Strategic Command. Satellite tracking data is sent to the Combined Space Operations Center (CSpOC) for processing."
PAVE PAWS is a high-power phased array radar operated by the U.S. military to detect intercontinental ballistic missiles. There are presently (2024) three operating PAVE PAWS sites at Clear, AK, Cape Cod, MA, and Beale AFB, CA. The PAVE PAWS radar is also known by its government designator, AN/FPS-115.
According to the spec sheet at the fas.org Web site, PAVE PAWS has a peak/average transmit power of 582/146 kW, antenna gain of 38 dBi, and an operational range of 3,000 nm (about 5500 km).
PAVE PAWS radars are also capable of detecting echoes off of Earth-orbiting space debris.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 420 - 450 MHz | PAVE PAWS radar | Radiolocation | F |
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3GPP is the global standards organization for 4G LTE and 5G NR radio technologies. It designates multiple bands throughout the radio spectrum for 4G/5G use. Different combinations of bands are used in different countries and regions.
Bands designated with a "B" are standardized for 4G LTE; bands designated with an "N" are 5G. Some bands are designated for both.
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) uses paired bands, where one band is used for downlink (DL) transmissions from the base station to the user terminal (i.e., handset), and the other band is used for uplink (UL) transmissions from the user terminal to the base station.
Time Division Duplex (TDD) uses the same band for both uplink and downlink, which share the same frequency in time over ~millisecond timescales.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 703 - 803 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE TDD Band 44 (APAC) | Mobile | - |
| 703 - 748 MHz | 3GPP 5GNR Band 83 Supplemental Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 717 - 728 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5G NR Supplemental Downlink Band 29/N29 (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 738 - 758 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5G NR Supplemental Downlink Band 67/N67 | Mobile | - |
Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 410 - 415 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B87 Uplink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 420 - 425 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 87 Downlink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 412 - 417 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band B88 Uplink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 422 - 427 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 88 Downlink (EU PPDR PMR/PMAR) | Mobile | - |
| 450 - 455 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 73 Uplink (China) | Mobile | - |
| 460 - 465 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 73 Downlink (China) | Mobile | - |
| 451 - 456 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 72 Uplink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
| 461 - 466 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 72 Downlink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
| 452.5 - 457.5 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 31 Uplink (Brazil) | Mobile | - |
| 462.5 - 467.5 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD band 31 Downlink (Brazil) | Mobile | - |
| 612 - 652 MHz | 3GPP 5GNR FDD band N105 Downlink (APT 600) | Mobile | - |
| 663 - 703 MHz | 3GPP 5GNR FDD band N105 Uplink (APT 600) | Mobile | - |
| 617 - 652 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 71/N71 Downlink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 663 - 698 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 71/N71 Uplink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 698 - 728 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 68 Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 753 - 783 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 68 Downlink | Mobile | - |
| 698 - 716 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 85/N85 Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 728 - 746 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD band 85/N85 Downlink | Mobile | - |
| 699 - 716 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 12/N12 Uplink (U.S.) | Mobile | - |
| 729 - 746 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 12/N12 Downlink (U.S.) | Mobile | - |
| 703 - 748 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 28/N28 Uplink (APAC) | Mobile | - |
| 758 - 803 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5GNR FDD Band 28/N28 Downlink (APAC) | Mobile | - |
| 704 - 716 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 17 Uplink (North America; 700 MHz A Block) | Mobile | - |
| 734 - 746 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE FDD Band 17 Downlink (North America; 700 MHz A Block) | Mobile | - |
| 746 - 756 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5GNR FDD Band 13 Downlink (North America; 700 MHz C Block) | Mobile | - |
| 777 - 787 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE and 5GNR FDD Band 13 Uplink (North America; 700 MHz C Block) | Mobile | - |
| 757.1 - 757.9 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 103 Downlink (narrowband IoT only) | Mobile | - |
| 787.1 - 787.9 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 103 Uplink (narrowband IoT only) | Mobile | - |
| 758 - 768 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 14/N14 Downlink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 788 - 798 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 14/N14 Uplink (North America) | Mobile | - |
| 807 - 824 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 27 Uplink | Mobile | - |
| 852 - 869 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE Band 27 Downlink | Mobile | - |
| 791 - 821 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 20/N20 Downlink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
| 832 - 862 MHz | 3GPP 4G LTE & 5G NR Band 20/N20 Uplink (Europe) | Mobile | - |
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NASA communicates with the Voyager spacecraft using NASA's Deep Space Network.
Voyager 1 is currently the farthest human-made object from Earth, at a distance of over 15 billion miles. At the speed of light, radio signals take approximately 23 hours to span that distance. The spacecraft is travelling at approximately 38,000 mph relative to the Earth.
Please see the referenced book chapter for details on the communication systems for the Voyager spacecraft.
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Frequencies |
| Frequency | Bandwidth | Use | Service | Table |
| 2113.3125 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Uplink | Space Research | - |
| 2114.676697 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Uplink | Space Research | - |
| 2295 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 2295 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 2296.481481 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 2296.481481 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8415 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8415 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8420.432097 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 2 Non-Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
| 8420.432097 MHz | 100 kHz | Voyager 1 Coherent Downlink | Space Research | - |
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According to the FCC (FCC 15-38):
"In 1997, the Commission developed a band plan making 1,300 megahertz of LMDS spectrum in each basic trading area (BTA) across the United States. Specifically, the Commission allocated two LMDS licenses per BTA -- an "A Block" and a "B Block" in each. The A Block license is comprised of 1,150 megahertz of total bandwidth, and the B Block is comprised of 150 megahertz of total bandwidth...Of the 986 designated license areas (492 BTAs times two licenses per BTA), 416 areas have active licenses, which cover about 75 percent of the U.S. population."
LMDS was originally envisioned as a fixed broadband point-to-multipoint microwave service. LMDS spectrum was auctioned in 1998 and 1999 for a total of approximately $623 million.
In FCC 15-38,the FCC proposed to open the 27.5-28.35 GHz LMDS spectrum for broadband mobile communications. In 2016 the Commission converted licenses for the 27.5 – 28.35 GHz band portion of the A Block to the Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service (UMFUS), and granted mobile rights to the existing licensees.
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By virtue of Part 88 of the FCC's rules, created in 2024, the 5030-5091 MHz band is designated for use by UAS systems in the United States.
According to the FCC (FCC-24-91):
"We enable UAS operators to access dedicated spectrum for control-related communications with the required reliability. Specifically, we adopt new UAS service rules under new rule part 88 that provide operators the ability to obtain direct frequency assignments in a portion of the 5030-5091 MHz band. Under these rules, one or more dynamic frequency management
systems (DFMSs) will manage and coordinate access to the spectrum and enable its safe and efficient use, by providing requesting operators with temporary frequency assignments to support UAS control link communications with a level of reliability suitable for operations in controlled airspace and other safetycritical circumstances. To provide this level of safety and reliability, we are adopting technical requirements drawn from minimum operational performance standards that were developed by an aviation industry standards body specifically to support UAS control links in the 5030-5091 MHz band and were approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for this purpose. To address concerns regarding the impact of these aeronautical operations on adjacent services, we locate these operations, for now, in the central part of the band, with substantial separation from the bands adjacent to the 5030-5091 MHz band. We find wide support for enabling early, direct access to a portion of the band for protected assignments under DFMS coordination, and anticipate that such access will facilitate the safe integration of UAS operations into the NAS so that the United States can realize the enormous potential benefits that UAS operations can provide."
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 5030 - 5091 MHz | UAS systems | Aeronautical Mobile | - |
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LeoLabs operates S-band radars used for tracking Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites under an experimental license from the FCC (W02XXL). The U.S. sites are:
Kermit (WINKLER), TX - NL 31-57-53; WL 103-14-01; MOBILE: Kermit. TX, within 0.2 km, centered around NL 31-57-53; WL 103-14-01
Pearce (COCHISE), AZ - NL 31-52-16; WL 109-30-20; MOBILE: Pearce, AZ, within 0.1 km, centered around NL 31-52-16; WL 109-30-20
Magdalena (SOCORRO), NM - NL 33-43-32; WL 107-11-35; MOBILE: Magdalena, NM, within 0.2 km, centered around NL 33-43-32; WL 107-11-35
Graham Pass Rd, CA - NL 33-36-22; WL 115-02-29; MOBILE: Graham Pass Rd, CA, within 0.1 km, centered around NL 33-36-22; WL 115-02-29
LeoLabs also has experimental licenses (WO2XME and WN2XAM) for UHF radars at Pearce AZ and Kermit TX:
Pearce (COCHISE), AZ - NL 31-52-15; WL 109-30-22
Kermit (WINKLER), TX - NL 31-57-52; WL 103-14-01
LeoLabs also has S-band and UHF experimental licenses at its facilities in Menlo Park CA, and is involved in LEO tracking radars in other areas/countries around the world (Western Australia, Azores, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Poker Flat AK, and Argentina).
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 430 - 449 MHz | LeoLabs UHF Low Earth Orbit Tracking radar | Radiolocation | - |
| 2930 - 2980 MHz | LeoLabs S-band Low Earth Orbit Tracking radar | Radiolocation | - |
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TV white space devices are unlicensed intentional radiators that operate on available TV channels in the broadcast television frequency bands. Channel availability is determined from geospatial information and a TV bands database.
White space devices in the U.S. are governed by Part 15(H) of the FCC's rules. They operate on available TV channels in the broadcast television frequency bands, the 600 MHz band (including the guard bands and duplex gap), and in 608-614 MHz (channel 37).
TV white spaces has not been a commercial success and very few devices are in operation.
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Frequency Bands |
| Band | Use | Service | Table |
| 54 - 72 MHz | Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices | - | N |
| 76 - 88 MHz | Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices | - | N |
| 174 - 216 MHz | Restricted to mobile/fixed white space devices that communicate with other fixed/mobile white space devices | - | N |
| 470 - 614 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices | - | N |
| 617 - 652 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in areas where 600 MHz licensees are not operating | - | N |
| 657 - 663 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in the 600 MHz duplex gap | - | N |
| 663 - 698 MHz | Fixed and personal/portable white space devices in areas where 600 MHz licensees are not operating | - | N |
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The 869-894 MHz band (base transmit/mobile receive), paired with the 824-849 MHz band (mobile transmit/base receive) is the original band in which first-generation cellular phone service was first widely deployed in the U.S. It is still used for 2G and 3G cellular services.
The paired band is subdivided into two smaller bands of 2x12.5 MHz each, referred to as the A block and the B block. When cell phone service was first authorized, the A block was assigned to the local exchange carrier, and the B block was assigned to a competitive local exchange carrier.
The cellular service in the United States is governed by Part 22 of the FCC's rules.
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Paired Frequency Bands |
| Paired Bands | Use | Service | Table |
| 824 - 835 MHz | Cellular A block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 869 - 880 MHz | Cellular A block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 835 - 845 MHz | Cellular B block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 880 - 890 MHz | Cellular B block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 845 - 846.5 MHz | Cellular A' block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 890 - 891.5 MHz | Cellular A' block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 846.5 - 849 MHz | Cellular B' block, mobile transmit/base receive | Land Mobile | N |
| 891.5 - 894 MHz | Cellular B' block, base transmit/mobile receive | Land Mobile | N |
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Over-the-air television broadcasting in the United States uses the following spectrum. Each TV channel is 6 MHz wide. Digital broadcasting is by the ATSC standard. Some Low Power Television (LPTV), TV translators, and Class A television stations continue to broadcast in analog mode using the NTSC standard, but are mandated to transition to digital by September 1, 2015; however, the FCC has proposed extending this deadline in document FCC 14-151 (available under the related documents section).
| VHF TV |
| 54-72 MHz: | Channels 2-4 |
| 76-88 MHz: | Channels 5-6 |
| 174-216 MHz: | Channels 7-13 |
| UHF TV |
| 470-512 MHz: | Channels 14-20 (may be used for land mobile in major cities; see below) |
| 512-608 MHz: | Channels 21-36 |
| 608-614 MHz: | Channel 37 (not used for TV broadcasting) |
| 614-698 MHz: | Channels 38-51 |
Portions of channels 14-20 (470-512 MHz) are used by the Private Land Mobile Radio Service (PLMRS) in the following metropolitan areas:
| Boston MA | channels 14 & 16 |
| Chicago IL | channels 14 & 15 |
| Dallas/Ft. Worth TX | channel 16 |
| Houston TX | channel 17 |
| Los Angeles CA | channels 14, 16 & 20 |
| Miami FL | channel 14 |
| New York NY/NE New Jersey | channels 14-16 |
| Philadelphia PA | channels 19 & 20 |
| Pittsburgh PA | channels 14 & 18 |
| San Francisco-Oakland CA | channels 16 & 17 |
| Washington DC | channels 17 & 18 |
PLMRS service is allowed by the FCC's rules in Cleveland OH (14 & 15) and Detroit MI (15 & 16), but interference issues with Canada prevent PLMRS from being deployed there.
A useful characteristic of digital (ATSC) signals is the addition of a narrowband pilot tone on the RF carrier. The pilot tone is at a nominal frequency of 309.440559441 kHz above the bottom edge of the channel, although the FCC may require small frequency offsets on a station-by-station basis to avoid interference between pilot tones of co-channel TV stations. Ancillary uses of the pilot tones include, for example, monitoring for sudden enhanced propagation events, such as meteor burst or sporadic E.
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Channelized Bands |
| Band | Channel | Use | Service | Table |
| 54 - 60 MHz | 2 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 60 - 66 MHz | 3 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 66 - 72 MHz | 4 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 76 - 82 MHz | 5 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 82 - 88 MHz | 6 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 174 - 180 MHz | 7 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 180 - 186 MHz | 8 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 186 - 192 MHz | 9 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 192 - 198 MHz | 10 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 198 - 204 MHz | 11 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 204 - 210 MHz | 12 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 210 - 216 MHz | 13 | Broadcast Television (VHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 470 - 476 MHz | 14 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 476 - 482 MHz | 15 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 482 - 488 MHz | 16 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 488 - 494 MHz | 17 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 494 - 500 MHz | 18 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 500 - 506 MHz | 19 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 506 - 512 MHz | 20 | Broadcast Television (UHF) (may be used for land mobile in major metro areas) | Broadcasting | N |
| 512 - 518 MHz | 21 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 518 - 524 MHz | 22 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 524 - 530 MHz | 23 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 530 - 536 MHz | 24 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 536 - 542 MHz | 25 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 542 - 548 MHz | 26 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 548 - 554 MHz | 27 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 554 - 560 MHz | 28 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 560 - 566 MHz | 29 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 566 - 572 MHz | 30 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 572 - 578 MHz | 31 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 578 - 584 MHz | 32 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 584 - 590 MHz | 33 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 590 - 596 MHz | 34 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 596 - 602 MHz | 35 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 602 - 608 MHz | 36 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 614 - 620 MHz | 38 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 620 - 626 MHz | 39 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 626 - 632 MHz | 40 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 632 - 638 MHz | 41 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 638 - 644 MHz | 42 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 644 - 650 MHz | 43 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 650 - 656 MHz | 44 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 656 - 662 MHz | 45 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 662 - 668 MHz | 46 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 668 - 674 MHz | 47 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 674 - 680 MHz | 48 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 680 - 686 MHz | 49 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 686 - 692 MHz | 50 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
| 692 - 698 MHz | 51 | Broadcast Television (UHF) | Broadcasting | N |
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